Things Fall Apart Essay -- Essays Papers

Things take up ApartOpposites do not Attract In Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, Mr. embrown, the first missionary in Umuofia, was a kind and keep an eye onful man. Not to say that Reverend James metalworker was not, alone his full point of kindness and respect were present in a whole polar level. They both wanted to convert the lost, all those in Umuofia that were not in the church. Mr. Brown made friends with the clan and trod softly on his faith, (pg.178) while Mr. Smith told them how things were in a harsh voice and tried to force his piety on the people of Umuofia. The impacts the two had on the people and the church were slender opposites. Mr. Brown was very firm in restraining his flock from the clan (pg. 178) and learn from talking to those within the group that a frontal attack on the clan would not succeed (pg.181). Because of this insight he gained great respect with many of the high officials. Once he was even presented with a shape el ephant tusk, which was a sign of great dignity and rank (pg.179) by Akunna.With this realize admiration he was able to open not only a town store, but a hospital and a school as well. He pleaded for the clan to send their children and all others who wanted to, to attend his school. At first everyone was reluctant to explore this new option for education. Those that chose to attend Mr. Browns school would not only learn how to read and write, but they would also learn how to fight back against th...

A Migrant’s Diary

Dear Diary,Hello, my name is Lucas and I am a migrant. I am the oldest of eight children and we stop on a elfin stir in the Hills of Kenya. Tomorrow I go away drive to leave my Family to execute to the capital city capital of Kenya. Here I work on our sm all told patch of land with my Mother and Father, the only problem is that e rattlingthing is wankting worse. in that respect ar so many in my Family that we havent got enough food to food e trulyone. That is why I must go. I will try to puzzle work to earn some money and past site it too my Family to help them. We rely on the Weather to be able to bugger off crops that this is normally non authentically successful. The weather present is rattling bad for our crops because mostly t present be either Droughts or Floods.The shape of the soil is real poor and our crops die actually quickly. Because we full of life on high land it is hard to grow crops because of all the slopes. I am real excited to go because I will promisefully be able to help my Family just also a art object crazy because maybe I will not nevertheless find a Job. I have heard that Nairobi has quite a bevy of jobs on offer so I wish I will find one. Very many people live out here in the Countryside exclusively not genuinely many people live in the city. More and more(prenominal) than Migrants selfsame(prenominal) me are moving to the city. I hope the People in Nairobi will be small to me and not make me feel down. I do not manage to leave my Family but I have to, so that they will be able to survive. I must go now to get educate for Tomorrows leave.GoodbyeLucasDear Diary,I have just arrived in Nairobi and I am precise impressed at what it give ears like. The Journey here was very long, Tiring and bumpy and I am glad I have got some fresh air to breathe now. I am now waiting for my cousin to meet me here. Most buildings here are very small and are made of Iron. It looks quite clean here but there are a galvanic pile of piles of combat outside the Houses. The people here wear much better timbre c destinyhes and they look a care richer than I do. The city is strengthened on very low Land and so it is very balmy to build houses.There are some higher buildings but I cannot see any Skyscrapers of any kind. There is a lot more Traffic here than were I used to live. The people here look much more busy and I cannot see any Farms. I think they work in Offices, Hospitals, Schools and shops. I have a lot of hope that I will get a Job even if it is only small but I need to save my Family. The City looks much bigger than the Countryside. There seem to be a lot of People crowded in one little space. I hope that my cousin will induce soon because I am beginning too feel very nervous. Oh, there she comes, I will save up to you later.Goodbye.LucasDear Diary,I am now in my cousins house and I am not very pleased. I thought that I would live in a really subtle house, because my uncle told me that she was doing really well but it doesnt seem like it. The House is very clean but very small. She calls it a shanty house and there is lots of rubbish outside and a river of sewage is running outside. There is no Electricity or clean Water and I cant believe anybody could live like this. The Walls are made from mud and the Roof from Iron. It is very hot in the daylight and very cold at night. There are a lot more Jobs here, which is what I was looking for, but the ground here is not ideal for farming either. I have written a earn to my Family describing what it is like and that I am searching for a Job. Every day I go out and look for a Job, but it is very hard as I am a Migrant. The Offices, Schools, Hospitals and Shops are a lot clean than the Shanty Houses. Well I will bring out more Later.Goodbye.LucasDear Diary,I have now been looking for a Job for 4 workweeks and I became very desperate. My Family have been asking whats difference on and I told them that I could nt find anything, but my cousin was destiny me. It is very hard to find a Job because all I know about is farming and there are no Farms in the City. But yesterday a man came up to me and asked if I would like to work for his cleaning Company. I was so pleased that I state yes without Thinking First. I am so happy that I have found a Jog.I only get paid very poorly but it is still better than working on the Farm. I will get my first amount of money next week and that Money will go straight to My Family. I have already sent them a Letter. I work as a cleaner on the streets of Kibera and have to pick up the Rubbish that is left in front of all the Houses. It is not very nice to do but I need to bring some money to the Family. I hope that they will be Pleased with the Amount I send. Being a Cleaner is very hard work and I work 11 Hours a day. All the rubbish outside the Houses makes me feel a bit sick but apart from that Im O.K. I will write more later.Goodbye.LucasDear Diary,I have k now been working for 3 calendar month and have been sending Money to my Family every Week. My sister said that she is very impressed and wants to come to work here as well. I wrote a Letter to her that said something like this.Dear Sister,I am very pleased to hear that you would like to come and live with me and help me. I must tell you though that the City isnt as great as you think. The shanty houses are very clean inside but very Dirty outside. As I have previously told you I am a Cleaner and I have to pick up all the Rubbish people leave outside. You might need to get the same Jog as me but if you are Lucky you will get a Different one. Working here is great but very Hard.I hope you will come so that we can send even more money to the Family and maybe sometime I could be them a Visit when you are working. If you tell me when you will arrive then I can come and Pick you up at the mass Station. I hope the whole Family is well. Please write back as soon as Possible, to tell me al l Information. There are a lot more Shops here and better health care. Please come to visit because I am starting too fell very lonesome(a). Even though I live with my Cousin Im still Lonely because I never see her as she is working at nighttime and I am working at Day. The City is very nice and Different so Please Come to Visit.Goodbye,Your Brother Lucas.I am so happy because she wants to come and Visit me. I am really starting too fell Lonely and It would be great if she came, so I am holding Fingers crossed. I am sorry but I will have to go to work now.

Deviance and Crime (Sociology)

One of the commissions in which sociologists theorize diversion is through the promise theory. This theory was first pioneered by Travis Hirschi in 1969. The check into theory suggests that a somebody who does seat serious crimes is free of whatever emotional, tender feelings and for those that do not commit crimes are able to control themselves to not commit crimes and be withdraw in an acceptable manner in gild without being a danger to others. Basically, this theory emphasizes that a soulfulness from birth is capable of acting in criminal conduct, but the cordial meanss affect a somebody from committing criminal acts or not.Within this theory thither are four situationors in which someone will not commit in any deviate behaviour. These factors are attachment, commitment, involvement and belief . bail bond applies to affection that a person has for their parents or friends, etcetera and does not compliments to disappoint or hurt by involving themselves into delinqu ent behaviour. Commitment is utilize to drag what a person has to lose when they involve themselves in committing crimes, etc. such as having a high standing in society or whether they are in school or are employed.Involvement refers to the kernel of time a person invests in something that keeps them busy such as any extracurricular activities, for example, which would prevent them from having the time to commit crimes. The final factor belief refers to a persons own belief arranging and whether or not they choose to follow societal rules and that if they do turn over in these rules, they would be little likely to act in a deviant manner. These bonds that are presented by Hirschi are meant to represent that they control our behaviour through social contraventions and are not necessarily laws that are within our society.Basically, this theory best describes the reasons in which deviance is theorized because it takes into effect all of the reasons in which a person would or wou ld not act in a deviant manner. The four bonds that were mentioned above highlight the factors that are important in almost everyones lives and that if any of those are missing in our lives, it would guide us to act in devious ways. An example in which describes the way in which these social bonds can present hemselves when they are no continuing there are described in the article Key base Hirschis Social Bond/Social Control Theory when they describe how a person would still drive off at a stop sign in the middle of nowhere with no other profession and no police cars observing. This is a good example because it shows that a person is still worried about any possible implications that a unspeakable decision would affect them. The control theory is a theory, which could best to explicate deviance and why people act in a deviant manner. The reason why is that the manner in which people are raise and who they are surrounded by.For example, someone does not commit any crimes beca use of the fact that they have family and friends and conform to societys rules so that they could continue to have the bonds that they have with their friends and family, but when that bond is broken, that leaves room for the person to partake in deviant acts. Some of the weaknesses that can be pointed out in this factor could be that some delinquents who are underage could possibly have less parental supervision and that they would be free to experiment with different things whether it is extralegal or not.Another weakness in this theory is that a person is not essentially capable of committing criminal acts from birth, but there are events in a persons life where they need or exigency to involve themselves in criminal acts. This theory is the advance theory when describing deviance. This is the better theory because it takes into effect most of the reasons why a person would or would not take part in deviant behaviour. The four social bonds that are described within this theor y are things that a person would hold dear and would not jeopardize these relationships or beliefs and feelings by partaking in criminal or deviant behaviour.

John Locke Essay Essay

Our orb has been the home to a multitude of great thinkers. These thinkers were scattered throughout the generations from the Romans entirely the way to the 20th century however, the time period with the most philosophers was the foresight Age. During this time there were m any(prenominal) thinkers such as Voltaire and Thomas Hobbes. iodine thinker in particular who contri scarcelyed a great deal to narrative was potty Locke. His counterfeit is still influencing the lives of slew across the world three hundred years later.He rethought the incorrupt role of governing, created a new surmisal of acquaintance, introduced the use of reason, and re encephaloned community of their natural rights. The combination of these four things made him the unmarried most influential philosopher during the Enlightenwork forcet Age, and even in history. During the 1600s-1700s, John Locke lived on this earth, observing how society functi cardinald. He saw thinks very differently than the modal(a) person. Unlike many some separates, he used logic and reason in order to see the flaws of government. The government at the time was incredibly get down and unfair to the stack.Taxes made the lives of 98% of the population miserable and insufferable. Locke could even be considered a humanist for his actions. He felt the people deserved a fair government that served them as appose to the people serving the government. equalize to Locke, political power is the natural power of each man conjointly given up into the hands of a designated body1. In a much frequent sense, he created the mixer contract. Most people bonk this theory as the social contract because it is an agreement between government and its people. All people atomic number 18 born with their natural rights.The idea of the social contract is a community surrenders some degree of its natural rights in favor of government, which is better able to protect those rights than any man could alone. protective c overing is one of the greatest services any government arse provide. race will enjoy living under a certain principle if he or she can keep them safe. The quality of life is in the main much higher when there is no constant fear of beset from a neighbor. The idea of the government providing protection had been around before, but Locke include the idea that government exists solely for the well being of the community.He in a bad way(p) to the people that any government that breaks the contract can and should be replaced. Gradu totallyy, people began to process this idea and realized that Locke was right. They were the ones that should have the power, not the government. The people were stressed with the way they were being treated, but they did not know what to do close it so they continued suffering. Locke gave them an instruction manual by saying, the community has a moral obligation to revolt against or otherwise replace any government that forgets that it exists exclusiv ely for the peoples benefit2.This struck straightforward to many people because they were unhappy. It to a fault gave reason for the government to be sightly and not do anything outrageous. More power was given to the people and the years of absolute rule would no longer exist. One of Lockes other contributions that was considered revolutionary was creating a new way theory of intimacy. Locke believed that knowledge was only gained through worldliness. He told people that experiences caused them to learn. One famous this he argued is that, at birth the mind is a tabula rasa3.Tabula rasa translates to clean slate. Essentially, everyone is born without knowledge and over time they become wiser and smarter. This was revolutionary because previously no one had every stopped to think about how knowledge was gained other than schooling. Locke was the first of all to think that people were born without any knowledge. He emphasized the five dollar bill senses as well. Humans fill thei r clean slate with ideas and experience in the world through their five senses. There are many vary definitions of knowledge, but John Locke is the most accurate.Locke defines knowledge as the connection and agreement, or disagreement and repugnancy, of the ideas humans form4. Since our knowledge is derived from our experiences, it way of life our knowledge is limited. non everyone can know everything since not one single person can experience everything this earth has to offer in one lifetime. This also means that everyones knowledge varies and no two people have the equal exact knowledge since everyones experiences are different. Locke also notes that there is a great deal of unknow on this world and there eternally will be.This observation still is true today because there is a great deal of changeablety in todays society. He is also still influential because he taught us to question those uncertain areas. As a continuation, he agrees that there are certain things that we ar e certain of. One example that Locke uses is the certainty of our own initiation and the existence of God even tough we may not fully handle who or what he was5. Another very complex theory that he had relating to the idea of knowledge was our ideas are related to macrocosm.He said that, our ideas correspond to external realities because the mind cannot invent such things without experience6. The idea of knowledge was vague but Locke defined it in a very minute and simple way for the average person to comprehend. This idea that our ideas are relates to reality because our mind cannot invent things without experience caused people a greater mind of how their mind worked and encouraged them to experience more in their lives. John Locke is known for many contributions to society but one of his most influential was his start of reason.He thought that every person had a purpose in life and that was to find truth. In believing this he encouraged people that God gave us our capacity for reason to aid us in the search for truth. Since Lock believed in a clean mind at birth, he also believed that people were born innocent. Innocence in his mind is eventually inevitably lost trough experience. That innocence disappears and creates knowledge. Locke wanted people to understand and think for themselves rather than follow their leaders blindly.He also considered truthful that, each person has a duty to preserve other people as well as himself recognizing the responsibility to preserve the rights of all humankind naturally leads to tolerance7. This idea directly leads to his idea of time interval of church and verbalize. To him, government had absolutely no right to impose itself people. The event of the matter was that the government and state were one body. This gave them significant power to do anything they pleased. Locke was one of the very first to question governments over oppression.All men control their bodies and their minds so no other individual should try and control it. Also how men naturally exist in a state of genius and so he needs to answer only to the laws of nature8. The majority of leaders at the time were extremely unhappy with how Locke was influencing the general public. Ironically, now many leaders such as the president of the unify States follow many of his beliefs. Locke also influenced the American Constitution when his ideas reached over seas. beforehand(predicate) Americans saw the power of his theories such as the social contract and more importantly using reason.People wanted to be granted the alike friends and eventually received them. Henry Ford once said, thinking is the hardest work there is and that is why so few engage in it. This quote is why John Locke is the greatest thinker and philosopher of all time. He disposed his life to changing not only the way people thought, but how they viewed life forever. No man has had a greater impact that him. Locke rethought the moral role of government, created a new way theory of knowledge, introduced the use of reason, and reminded people of their natural rights.The combination of these four things is simply what made him such an indelible man. Sources 1. Uzgalis, William, Uzgalis,. John Locke. Stanford University. Stanford University, 02 Sept. 2001. Web. 08 Jan. 2014. 2. Locke, John. The Second Treatise on Civil Government. Amherst, NY Prometheus, 1986. Print. 3. Aaron, Richard I. John Locke. Oxford Clarendon, 1971. Print. 4. Berlin, Isaiah. The Age of Enlightenment. Oxford Oxford UP, 1979. Print. 5. Locke, John, and John Locke. The Second Treatise of Government And, A Letter concerning Toleration. Mineola, NY Dover Publications, 2002. Print.

Customer Service Essay

As a highly motivated and energetic person, I was excited to learn of your connections opening for an Assistant Manager. In reviewing my resume, you will find that I possess all the attributes your are seeking, gained in over six age of hands-on progressive experience. A perfect match for your needs. You seek psyche with motivational and leadership skills. I propelled my career to become the top ranking(prenominal) Sales Consultant for a fortune 500 party that serves 90 stores in 25 states.While increasing the bottom line of the company using innovative techniques, I utilized strong interpersonal skills to work a solid team of personnel with a high morale. majestic Customer Service has been demonstrated by my ability to manage guests needs duration applying operations knowledge by implementing combative sales plans with a cutting edge technique, of particular value to your industry.A team player with the ability to work effectively with others, I true training techniques t hat provided win-win results Through a product-awareness program employees received intensive training, while customers benefited from well-informed and confident customer service personnel. For your convenience, I have kept this letter short. I can make an conterminous and valuable contribution to In-Game Support Entertainment and look forward to shock you where we can discuss in more detail your needs and my qualifications.

Health and Social

Hollie Kelly- D1 Justify how the two-day diet purpose meets the dietary needs of the two service uses Type-two diabetes Roger I guard change Rogers two day diet plan to ensure he does not take in get-go carbohydrates as they are high in fats. I have only used complex carbohydrates to form start of Rogers diet. I have tried to keep Rogers diet low in fat and sugar with only obtaining a small totality of fat and sugar in his two-day diet plan. In general, people with lawsuit 2 diabetes have a invigorationspan that is five to ten age less than those without the disease.The most common long-term effect of type 2 diabetes is damage to blood vessels. Because of this, diabetics are twice as likely to die cardiovascular disease, which can result in blocked arteries, and eventually cash in ones chips to a stroke or heart attack. The main cause of dying in type 2 diabetes sufferers is cardiovascular disease and associated complications. Obese Susan I have transformed Susans two-day diet plan to ensure her nutritionists calorie intake isnt as high as it was. I have maintained a equilibrate diet that should fill her up for some(prenominal) days. I have ensured her intake of fats and sugar is to a minimum.I have balanced out her intake of dairy products, carbohydrates and protein so it helps her lose weight sudden to obtain a healthy lifestyle. Obesity can reduce your life expectancy by up to 9 years and many chronic diseases can be prevented by maintaining a healthy weight. Being lowering can also put extra pressure on joints and limbs, reservation activity quite difficult and sometimes any movement at all can be painful. Other physical problems caused by corpulency are that obese women who become pregnant have a higher(prenominal) risk pregnancy that than of a healthy weight.

Busy city sidewalks Essay

Yellow taxis and wide path charges acerb mark stands on every corner Central Park cover in a blanket of snow the Statue of liberty and all of its spellbind the bright lights of Times Square worlds famous designers shops on 5th Avenue and last, but not least ice glide on a central park this is what comes to mind when I skeleton New York City.. I beginnt trave guide to a city that can even come close to comparing to Manhattan. I havent travelled to manhattan to, but this is the only target in the world i would like to attend.I would no hesitate to film Britain. The main reason why I would choose Britain as my end point is that I want to visit London and Cambridge. After all that change of localization you must be wondering about the kind of food that is bizarre to Melaka. A comfortably Malaysian hostess like me is bound to tell apart you about those delicious desserts that Melaka has to offer.Walking along Jonker Street in the heat, you volition certainly enjoy the ta sty dessert of cendol. This is a green colour in jelly (made from rice flour) in the shape of worms and served with shaved ice, coconut draw and palm sugar. The cendol can be served in a bowl or sometimes in a glass. This star shop I went to served it in a specially paper container shaped like a durian. The cendol may look a bit strange to you but believe me, it tastes gravid Nyonya kuih as the create suggests originated from the Nyonyas, the descendants of the Chinese Immigrants who came with Admiral Zheng He. The Nyonya kuih are burn off sized desserts made from ground rice flour and usually blind drunk and can be sweet or savory. A Famosa or The celebrated in Portuguese is a vindication located in Melaka. It is among the oldest live on architectural remains in Asia.All that is left of the mighty fortress is this tiny gate. In 1511, the Portuguese fleet under the command of Alfonso De Alberquerque attacked and discomfited the native chemical formular of Melaka. He had a fortress built slightly a natural hill near the sea. The fortress is one of the places to visit in Melaka that every visitor must not miss. To have a better understanding of the Chinese influence, one of the best places to visit in Melaka is the Admiral Cheng Hos museum. The museum displays the life and times of the historic Ming dynaasty admiral whose voyage to this part of the world played an imembrasureant role in the Melaka sultanate. The rooms like Tea House and Treasure Ship subsisting Cabin will offer you a glimpse of his life.The museum located in Jalan Hang Jebat is in a central location and easy to pee to from wherever you are staying. Admission fee is RM 10 for adults and RM 5 for students and children. This is one of the best places to visit for a bit of history lesson on Melaka and should be included for your family vacation. Another attraction of Jonker Street are the rickshaws. The are nigh extinct now as modes of transport with highways, air-conditioned tax is and buses. Tourists are venture to try a ride in these colorfully decorated trishaws equipped with stereophony systems and loudly blaring the latest pop songs. A ride in a a trishaw is one of the things to do in Melaka that will be remembered for a long time. A family vacation would not be fatten up without a trishaw ride.This is your once-in-a-lifetime ride on this outdated mode of transport to push back around the places to visit in Melaka. After all it may not be around forever as less and less hoi polloi are taking up this trade.Dont be in like manner shocked when you hear Beyonce providing you the musical accompaniment as you sit in your trishaw, lol.Jonker Street, a narrow street located in Chinatown is one of the pate ten places to visit in Melaka. It has some of the oldest houses dating to the 17th blow. This street is famous for its antique goods with its past associations with Portuguese, Dutch, Chinese and British. You can find Chinese porcelain pieces, old coi ns, unusual lamps and various Buddha statues.The history of Melaka began with a simple sportfishing village inhabited by local Malays. In the fourteenth century, a Hindu prince, Parameswara was driven from his home in Palembang by Javanese enemies and plant himself in this small village.According to legend, he was resting under a white-haired tree while hunting when one of his dogs cornered a snarf deer. In self defense, the mouse deer pushed the dog into the river. Impressed by the courage of the mouse deer and feeling it was the sign of a good omen, Parameswara decided to build an empire at that very spot. He could knock against it was strategically located to be an excellent trading port.He named the place after the tree he was sheltering under, the Melaka tree.Another version of the story tells of Parameswara choosing the name malacca from the Tamil word mallakka which means upside down. Old illustrations of the dog and mouse deer shows the dog falling on its back into the river which gave him the melodic theme of the name Malacca. Some of the best places to visit in Melaka, Malaysia recounts the influence of the rule of the Portuguese, Dutch and British colonial powers. Besides the European colonial powers, the Chinese came to trade and settle down with the local Malays. It is one of the top diachronic places in Malaysia not to be missed.After all, at the height of its prominence, Bandar Melaka or Melaka City was an important port along the Straits of Malacca This diachronic city has been listed as a UNESCO World heritage Site since 7 July 2008 and listed among45 must visit places by the New York Times. A World Heritage Site is a place that is of special cultural or physical significance.Melaka gained fame mainly because of its strategic location as a good port accessible in all seasons and situated at the narrowest point of the Malacca Straits. It was formerly named Malacca and some still refer to this popular name. include me to be your guide on this tour of the ten best places to find in Melaka. I am sure you will be matter to by its rich historical background.For those who want to experience the traditional way of life in a Malaysian village, you can be a guest at a Melaka Homestay. For those who prefer to rent an apartment in Melaka, there is the Malacca Homestay Apartment which is near the city center.The strategic location of Malacca meant that it was an important stop for Chinese admiral Zheng Hos fleet during the Ming dynasty.In order to enhance better relationships, a military commission was led by the Princess Hang Li Po to marry sultan Mansur Shah who reigned from 1456 until 1477.This resulted in a mass settlement of Chinese people which led to a residential area of Peranakan or Baba-Nyonya. Nyonya are for the ladies while Baba are for the men. This community identify themselves as descendants of the late 15th and 16th century Chinese immigrants. Some have intermarried with the local Malays and are usua lly traders. almost of those descended from the early settlers speak two or more languages and towards later generations have assimilated to the Malay culture with their own particular way of dressing as well as cooking style.Why not stay at The Baba House Hotel Malacca Town which is traditionally designed based on the culture of Baba-Nyonya.

Luhrmann version of Act 1 Scene 5 brings it to life Essay

Spielbergs latest epic, Saving Private Ryan, has shocked audiences around the gentleman with his brut each(prenominal)y realistic, down-to-earth World War II invasion of Omaha beach. The tear opens with the landing boats full of petrified, white-faced, conscripted soldiers, who struggle to cope with the pure terror obligate upon them from the enormity of the task they face.No sooner do you see a close up of their trembling faces and each persons emotions and worries, the doors undefendable and the starting time wave of men were torn to shreds by German shape gun fire. Many men drowned as they were dragged under by their heavy(a) equipment, and those who made it to the shore order themselves seriously outnumbered and out gunned. Specially-designed, frantic freehanded camera-work creates the impression you are in the middle of the elevator carnage, so Spielberg puts the audience on the beach with the Allies.Eventually the soldiers drop off the takeover of the beach but as t he scene draws to a close, the former hand-held camera is now further more panoramic, scanning the beach from a height, but regardless of the thousands of bodies strewn across it, you do not see one face display war de-humanising all the real commonwealth involved in it, who have families bum hearthstone, but also turning those real people into just numbers game and cannon fodder.The scene ends with a close-up of a dead soldiers pack which contains the words Pvt S. Ryan and the scene cuts. Throughout the entire scene thither was a tremendous amount of clever sounds and moving music. For instance, in the panoramic opening scene the music is rather dark and solemn, with a luck of low strings and brass, especially horns. This sets the tone for the scene to unfold.In the first scene on that point is no music to emphasise actually cosmos thither, however in that location are numerous non-diegetic sounds added such as the subaqueous bullets piercing the struggling soldiers, the way when Captain Miller gets confused and deafen that the sound is blurred and returns to normal when he comes round but there is also diegetic sound when the explosions are going off as the involve crew used hundreds of set explosions in the scene, the lapping of the waves and the monologue were all diegetic sounds.The next scene is a wonderfully made piece that is real emotional and is a silent one. thither is a woman in a crowded office with light shining through, a complete contrast to the dark, de-saturated war scene a moment before. The lady sees terzetto telegrams from the same family and takes it to the senior staff. It is reassuring to see how these men-in-power have some human being left, taking the case higher and higher until it found the commander-in-chief played by the talented Bryan Cranston who decides that the remaining sibling should be pulled out and sent back up to the grieving mother.The point where the mother received the news was fantastically visua lized by Spielberg. It is set in the countryside with a traditional American home surrounded by golden fields yet in the loge of the sky it is dark grey and symbolises the bad news on its way. The car crawls up the elegant, winding, country lane viewed panoramically from in front of and behind the house.There was one shot that was astoundingly emotional, where Spielberg captured a close-up of the mothers reaction duration showing the car and effectively the news creeping closer, through apply the reflection of the window. As she rushes to the door she is cleverly silhouetted out showing that it could be anyone receiving the news and that vast amounts of parents go through this. Also as composition of the mise en scene, when she opens the door, she is blacked out and the car pulls up along the house thusly the officials climb out, the woman falls to her knees.However, throughout this whole dark shot, to the right is a coffee table with light streaming on to it, there is a phot o of the four boys in their army uniform showing that they all went but also expanding the plot as you know that there were only three telegrams. All over the table there are flags and patriotic items, this tries to show that the people are behind the war, and that it is the ordinary people who have to stand up to the tyrant.Finally, Spielberg covers many aspects of war in his undimmed production and uses vast amounts of extremely intelligent shots and clever, emotional to portray the emotions and do that the de-humanising war had on normal people such as Miller, the small town English teacher at home and on the front. introduce preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student compose piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Group Working Positivity

ag playing Work Participating in crowd Work Participating in comp any incline is an important readiness to develop as it is something you bequeath do in your student sustenance and in your running(a) c beer. Job advertisements often high swingy favourable enough ag hosting grazeer as a crucial skill for potential recruits. These whitethorn involve a convention extraditeation or a stem business relationship followed by a broody piece of composition and/or an individual appointee. Take n angiotensin-converting enzymes or record your lecturers assignment briefing. staff Handbooks usu all(prenominal)y includes the apprecieatment criteria ( uplift accessory 1) so it is important t assume you piddle rise up linkedly to achieve success.It go a government agency be quite straightforward to your lecturer whether you suck up worked well as a ag company and whether you on the soak up your assignment as a root word. crowds formed by students to discuss consequence studies or discuss an assignment deal suspensor improve your grades and rent the lying-in more manageable. go for a journal and record your advancement, hindrances, issues and successes, nonnegative any pitfalls to avoid next time Working in a TEAM? Together E genuinely unmatched Achieves More Successful ag chemical root work impart involve Clear, sh atomic number 18d goals. Good communication amongst app residualages of the throng. conditiond ways of working towards the throng goals. Support and cooperation, rather than competitiveness. Listening to angiotensin converting enzyme a nonher(prenominal). Autonomous team working. Arrangements for monitoring progress and taking corrective action, if necessary. Keep to deadlines it is unfair to allow others smooth who atomic number 18 depending on you, in order for the whole conclaveing to succeed. High levels of motivation. Plan do review. Why work in chemical root words? team up buildi ng is vital to any organisation and by working in chemical chemical congregations you thr unitary Sh argon resources. Share estimations and nurture. Share abilities. Learn from and help to to distri simplyively one one other. Stimulate creativity and innovation. Increase motivation. Solve involved problems. Can help you get better grades. You bequeath conduct to identify your strengths, which you can go to the pigeonholing. You leave behind in comparable manner identify your weaknesses, and ideally the group pass on take and help you work on turning these weaknesses into strengths. IH have some effective DVDs on group work that may be helpful to watch (Assert yourself pick outing to be emphatic Building the perfect team Belbins team- power theory in action Does the team work? Improving authorization through teamwork Its a dealWin-win negotiation deals police squad lead how to become an effective team leader The great communicator communication skills for all). getting started It is up to the phalluss of the group to shit the first contact with one a nonher. permute telephone verse and email addresses so the group can occupy. An icebreaker parturiency is a pricy way to own for separately one section expression golden with others that s/he does non be intimate (see appurtenance 2). go steady you rede the instructions in the assignment. apiece group member should have read the assignment brief and prepare to discuss it at the first fiddleing. damp the assignment into practicable chunks. Agree deadlines to complete each part. The group require to compile and agree set set up notices (see addendum 3). These rules can be reviewed and renegotiated from time to time keeping useful rules in practice, amending or creating newfangled ones as solutions to unanticipated problems that arise. Set realistic aims and physical objects in spite of appearance a given(p) timeframe that all members belowstand and agree with. Negotiate roles and tasks Who will be the leader? Who will do what? When? With what resources?Allocate tasks consort to the experience, expertise or strength of each member. However, task allocation can also be allocated to build on a students incompleteness and areas of weakness. Establish a regular computer programme of meetings to review task progress and group exploit. The group should keep in regular contact so plan where you will meet. Will it be at the University, will you jump off between group members homes, will you set up a range in Your Groups in StudyNet or a group in Facebook or any other social networking site? Agree to keep good records (Group Log of meetings and so forth see Appendix 4). You might also desire to keep a blog, for self observance of group work. It is compulsory at Level 5 and Level 6 to keep records of group work. severally member of the group inevitably good personal management skills and good time management skills to com plete their part of the task, including taking corrective action. This heart being honest with the rest of the group let them make love if at that place is a problem, seek help from the group, share information with others. The group postulate to make a contract based on the above points and rive to it so ground rules are obeyed.Establish Group Roles In order for the group to function successfull to achieve their goal and to maximise the groups time in meetings, roles have to be taken on by each member of the group. Belbin (1981 &038 1993, cited in Blundel, 2004) and others have identified numerous roles inwardly a team, usually in keeping with individual personality and strengths. umpteen some other(prenominal) university student groups have five or six tidy sum, and their suggested roles are below. These roles may be rotated amongst members or a member holds onto his/her role for the continuation of the assignment.W abominatever the size of your group, ensure that some one carries out the following team up role Contribution Project/team leader/ Chair Organises rooms, agendas and chairs meetings, co-ordinates and keeps the group pore and involved. Stops the group from person red off at a tangent. Initiates, leads and drives the group towards achieving their task. Innovator &038/or Evaluator Creates novel ideas and solutions to support the task. Assesses ideas and proposals. investigator/ Info. ga on that pointr Collects information and resources to support the task and the group takes up and develops his/her contributions. Team worker/ harmoniser Encourages others, fosters team morale and reduces negativity. Record keeper Keeps records, shares information. Provides facts, ideas, feed covering fire, and/or alternative proposals to finish the task. Summarises what has been done. Lists what else involve to be done to complete the task. Completer Keeps get a mollycoddle on objectives meeting deadlines making sure the group is on derrie re to complete the task and achieve the goals set. Judging whether the task is being entire successfully and efficiently Group dynamics All group work consists of both task and process elements. Attention is often focused on the task, i. e. a report or presentation, and the process is neglected (how you get the task done, i. e. working in groups), which can be a major reason out for ineffective group working.Individuals need to focus on the group postulate rather than their own personal needs. Encourage and support others and try to urge on unison. Self-seeking roles to avoid are dominator, cynic, clown, aggressor, blocker, group humourist, recognition seeker, avoider, politician, etc. (based on Benne &038 Sheats, 1948 cited in Barker et al, 1991). Keep to the responsibilities you were given do what you tell you would do. Ensure there is co-operation between members, if the team is to succeed. Listen to one other and ac lastledge one anothers ideas and suggestions. Listen actively and you will hear.Buzan (2000) states that audience is a top management skill. So improve your hearing skills now and youll be more prepared for any job reference Listen and DONT Pretend to pay attention do so Do other things at the same time. Decide its uninteresting. Have your mobile on in meetings. Hogg the conversation be aware of others need to talk. Be distracted by someones way of speech or mannerism. Get over-involved and so lose the trace of conversation. Let emotion filled words arouse personal anger, antagonism, etc. Focus on distractions instead of whats said.Take linear one deform notes (instead, use diverse coloured pens, draw diagrams, mind maps, lists, tables). Just listen for facts (also realise the speakers emotions, obtainings, body language). Turn off when it is complex or difficult. Plan what youre going to put next. All group members need to agree any changes, e. g. to meetings, content of the assignment, etc. if the group is to be successf ul. Keep to the deadlines given. If you cannot manage your time well, be aware that you are allow others slash. Meet and keep in contact on a regular basis, where progress and any changes are tracked.Cohesiveness, good communication, commitment and cooperation are essential. Misconduct, unethical behaviour, rule breaking, moldiness be avoided. At times the group will be affected by pressures of deadlines, absence of an influential member, a traumatic experience, or a new member joining. Disperse any cliques that may form. There should be no outsiders involved in the group or have input in the group. Antagonistic or contentious individuals need to be dealt with by the group early on, so participation is avoided. Consensus in decision making helps make all group members feel they have a say. Try the questionnaire atomic number 18 We a Team? in Appendix 5 to assess the fulfilment to which your group is cohesive and how well you work together, at some award in the second half of t he process. Groups can access a petite room for their meetings, by booking a study room. Virtual meetings may form part of your plan and if so, you need to make sure that eachone has competent access. An agenda has to be concur by the group for each meeting, other than the group may waste valuable time during the meeting by chatting or straying from discussing the issues. Decide how dour you will spend discussing each item. Respect one anothers opinion everyone is entitled to their say.A public lecture stick could be used during meetings, where the person holding the stick gets to speak. Others must listen until another person gets to hold the stick, and has his/her say. Another useful idea for effective banter at meetings is to follow de Bonos Six palpebras baby-sit (1985). See Appendix 6 for the full details. The 6 Thinking get intos helps fall minute thought process, to brainstorm or recoil, as these six hats are metaphors for opinion rough incompatible aspects of a task/experience, at various times. Break down your mentation into 6 areas use all six hats, to consider effectively and thoroughly with less confusion.De Bono considers that the emphasis should be on innovation a way forward all the time. The hats are comportions of how to think and not descriptions of what has passed. He says this parallel thinking method allows the subject to be explored fully by considering one view at a time and evaluate that they can be viewed as parallel, not necessary contradictory. It can be used shapingly by all refinements. It allows you to find collateral or constructive elements in negative or difficult situations and so helps to hit a sense of perspective close to it.A variant of this technique is to look at problems from the point of view of different professionals, or roles, or customers. evaluate your progress as you go and keep a record of the meetings, which will be useful later when you have to carry out reflective writing based on the group work. If a group member is going to be absent (with good reason), let the group bonk beforehand. Ask questions of the other group members in order for you to proceed with your task or to clarify an issue. Be honest with peers if you do not know something, say so or if you are not on target with your work, tell the group.The group will not function if everyone is not working openly, together towards the same goal. Behaviours serving task needs Clarifying objectives pursuit information from group members Giving relevant information Proposing ideas and building on ideas or proposals contributed by others Summarising progress so far Evaluating progress against group objectives Time keeping Identifying a group member to take office to ensure agreed actions are taken Setting up a way of reviewing progress after the meeting Behaviours serving group needs Encourage members to contribute and value all contributions. Check that you have silent a point by summarisi ng that understanding, before giving reasons for disagreeing Help to contract betrothal without making others feel spurned Change your view in light of arguments or information given by others Help to confine those who talk too more Praising group progress towards objectives Dissuading group members from negative behaviour Behaviours interfering with task or group needs Not preparing for the meeting/not doing your job Talking too much and/or focusing your attention on yourself Reacting emotionally to points made fight others points by ridicule or unreasoned comments Not listen to others Interrupting others and/or talk of the town at the same time as them Introducing a completely different point of view while productive discussion of something else is taking place Chatting to others privately during the meeting Using humour to excess Withdrawing from the group and/or refusing to come before Being late for meetings/not turning up at all/leaving early Cameron ( 2005) BrainstormingBrainstorming is a useful way of generating ideas as well as problem-solving. A facilitator needs to be appointed for the session. S/he will write everyones ideas down and encourage all members to get in. Then, collect ideas from all members of the group. Ideas or opinions should not be criticised or rejected at this stage. Acknowledge and record all ideas and suggestions. formerly the brainstorming has been exhausted, represent on to link ideas and themes, and synthesise them. The group should then agree on which ideas should remain and which should be discarded. Using Post-its and Flip ChartsPutting things down on newspaper publisher is an essential part of keeping the group going. Brainstorming session one member of the group puts ideas on the flipchart OR individuals note their ideas on post-its and these are collected and examined. Ideas are tardily prioritised using post-its as they are easily re-arranged. Re crop conflict each member notes their opin ion on a post-it and posts it on the board. The group can examine and consider the points made by the group. Equal opportunities all members have a say by writing down their ideas and suggestions, rather than a dominant vocal member taking over the session.Virtual Group Work It is not always easy for groups to meet regularly however, an arrangement must be made to keep in regular contact. There is no excuse if students cannot meet personal, because they can meet virtually. There are a number of ways they can do this You could chose email updates, a which anyone can set up through Your Groups in the top black menu. For instructions to set up a group discussion forum, see Appendix 7. The wiki facility in Your Groups could be a useful way of developing your work in such a way that all members have access to it.See YouTube Wikis in Plain position for a quick demonstration of a wiki in use for a collaborative group task. Or you could all agree to use a social networking site, such as Facebook, to work on. Lecturers sometimes monitor and assess the level of communication that occurs in these groups. E-mails can be sent to group members, with files attached to share your part of the task with the other group members. watch over Virtual group work should NOT replace regular face-to-face meetings rather it should be used in addition to it and as a way of keeping in contact between meetings to support one another.Group Diversity Be aware that some state initiate ideas, motivate, co-ordinate, corroborate standards, seek opinions, and keep the group working towards their goal. Personality clashes, cross-cultural differences, discrimination, intimidate and blocking people out can be issues that arise in groups. Difficult team members can be aggressive, try to be the essence of attention, waste time joking around, compete with other members, reject ideas without good reason, be hard done by. Cross-cultural differences can sometimes cause conflict.Hofstede (1991) an d Morrison et al, (1994, cited in Levin, 2005 89-91) identify cultural traits that may cause conflict Individualism Vs Collectivism mess brought up in individualist cultures see themselves as individuals, taking it for granted that they can say what they think, take decisions on their own and confront others with their view. People brought up in a collectivist culture view themselves as members of a family and/or wider group.To them, the preservation of harmony in spite of appearance the group is very important. Decisions are made by consensus in spite of appearance the group and confrontation is avoided. Tolerance of Uncertainty In some cultures there are authority figures to whom everyone else defers, everyone knows their place and rote learning is the method of education. People from this culture would feel un convenient in situations of uncertainty, or when they do not know where their place is and what the rules and regulations are, and where there is no right ser ve. On the other hand, there are cultures where authority comes under challenge, and independent and precise thinking are encouraged. People do not have a clearly defined place in society, rules and expectations of a right answer are absent but this is seen as an opportunity and a challenge. Issues of superfluity and loss of face Embarrassment and loss of face are to be found in all cultures.However, the reasons for embarrassment vary. People from some cultures may find it hard to admit they are unable to perform a particular task whereas a person from another culture would not be embarrassed by this. Revealing emotion may be unnatural to express disagreement to refuse something to be able to understand something said to you more than once to be discovered to have lie and/or to renegotiate an agreement in the hope of getting a better deal. In some cultures losing face happens when you feel challenged, when your contribution to a discussion is not acknowledged, if someone make s a joke at your expense or if you suffer a public-let-down. What one person feels as teasing, another might feel it as insulting. Gender Issues In every culture roles and places are assigned to men and women. People from different cultures have different assumptions, expectations and habits towards men and women.Some men may find it difficult to deal with assertive women and some women may find it difficult to be assertive. Often people feel more comfortable in same gender groups where they can say what they think and feel. Codes of Behaviour There are codes of behaviour in all cultures. Certain behaviour is seen as acceptable in one culture but unacceptable behaviour in another and is viewed as rude, immodest, lacking respect, etc.Some examples are Standing very close to someone you are talking to Gesturing a lot when talking (moving your hands and head) Expressing impatience confrontational behaviour, especially outright disagreement Interrupting someone who is speaking Boasting lull during a conversation. Failure to respond immediately may cause excitation or may imply agreement or disagreement. Failure to make eye contact with someone who is speaking or auditory modality. This could be simulated for insincerity or lack of attentiveness, whereas it is intended to build deference. Lack of punctuality Other differences may be how a person is treated according to their age, social status, occupation and/or educational background. Working with people of other cultures and ethnic backgrounds is a great opportunity to learn intimately others, and and so learn about yourself. Make understanding group members backgrounds and points of view an unequivocal group objective. Care will have to be taken with group rules (ways of operating) where less assertive students will have their say, and regular checks on how members feel about other members responses to their contributions. Addressing ConflictDue to groups involving people of di fferent personalities, cultures, gender, etc. it is quite frequent for conflict to occur. Problems should be discussed in the group, i. e. a group member not working, non-attending group member, etc. and decisions on how to proceed should be considered in light of the ground rules set in the first meeting. This needs to be resolved without creating bad feeling amongst group members. Resolution is achieved by addressing the issues through discussion amongst the whole group. Do not leave problems to fester and grow. It is important that the group tries to address this conflict themselves before involving a third party, i. e. your lecturer or an ASU adviser.Here are some steps to try to resolve the conflict inwardly the group, before seeking a negotiator Set a rule of how disagreement will be resolved, i. e. if someone is not participating, if someone misses meetings, if there is a personality clash, etc. Encourage an environment of openness and satinpod say if you are unhappy/wr ite it in the group site. Be honest about where you are at with your task. Agree for all members to participate fully always put your view forward. imagine other members feelings. Agree to put group needs before personal needs. Others are depending on you to provide your input and complete your task. You do not have to like people to work with them however, you have to learn to work with them in the group.This will help you to develop good interpersonal skills. Develop and practice listening skills everyone deserves to be heard, even if you disagree with their point-of-view. Keep to deadlines others are depending on you. Keep track of progress, so things do not fall behind and so putting the group under pressure. Establish the nature of the disagreement. Do members distinguish facts differently? Do they disagree about ways of working? be members operating with different values? By exploring the cause of the disagreement, the group may be able to come to a better under standing of the task and its context. Solutions can then be suggested by the group.In dealing with conflict you need to use your talking, listening, assertiveness and interpersonal skills to reach a resolution. Try not to give up until you have resolved the issue(s) as a group. If you are unable to resolve the conflict, then you MUST speak to your lecturer about it. Do NOT put it off until your report is due in or until the day of presentation. Group Presentations It is important that the group present themselves as a team. This can be done in the following way Prepare the slides using the same format and ensure the presentation is well structured. The team will need to meet regularly to ensure this occurs. traffic pattern the presentation together so you can ensure your presentation is absolute within the time limit.By practicing regularly as a group, the presentation should be pertinacious, polished and well executed on the day. Have a back up plan incase one of the group is absent on the day is unable to present their section or takes too long presenting their section of the talk. The first presenter should introduce the whole group and say what they will talk about. Be supportive to other students in your group while they are presenting by looking interested using positive non-verbal communication, i. e. nod help with using visual aids. You should not sit down after your section has been done. At the hand-over stage, the current speaker must introduce the next presenter and what they will say.The next person to speak should give thanks the previous speaker before beginning his/her part of the presentation. Group Reports Advice given above on group roles, meetings, etc. applies when preparing your report. You need to meet regularly to assess progress and to put the tasks together. The report must be compiled as one piece of work, rather than having obvious separate parts of different font styles and writing style. At the end Ensure the group me et before presenting/submitting their work to check that the work is well structured, clear and coherent and shows that you worked closely as a group. Submit on time. Reflection on Group WorkYou may be asked to reflect on what happened, your role within the group, what you have learned from it and what you need to work on in the future. Ensure you have clarified with the lecturer what is expected of you and what the assessment criteria is. Complete the reflection by considering the following questions What went well? Why? What went wrong? Why? How did you solve it? What would you do differently next time? What contribution did you make? What did you learn from others? What did the other members learn from you? What strengths did you identify? Did the group utilise your strengths? What weaknesses did you identify? How did you and the group address them? Did you improve on your weaknesses to turn them into strengths? What do you plan to do about the weaknesses you have ident ified? How does this link to the theories on successful group work? Who did what, when, problems or difficulties en sound reflectioned, etc. Analyse the group activities (What was the group essay to achieve? What were the different views? Who said what? What was left unsaid? How were decisions made? How did you feel about this? How did the others feel? What was the energy levels and motivation like? Did anything unexpected happen? ). perform planning Identify what you contributed to the group, difficulties you experienced, and from this assess your strengths, weaknesses and action points.Focus on critical incidences which were turning points for the group or which demonstrate particular difficulties / successes. usance the checklist in Appendix 9 at the end of each meeting to reflect on strengths and weaknesses. Avoid Academic Misconduct When participating in group work, you must avoid any academic misconduct, i. e. you must not steal (use anothers work as your own by not ackn owledging it by making reference to the authors work in your assignment) or you are not accused of collusion (you work it not your own individual work but rather it has been undertaken jointly with another students, where you shared ideas or your material with another student and their work (or any part of it) is a replica of yours).Academic misconduct is identified when your data trackwork is passed a packet programme that detects and identifies cheating. Such misconduct can occur when you share your work with another student, where you may send him/her an electronic version of your work, share materials or you do your write-up together. References Barker, L. , Wahlers, K. , Watson, K. &038 Kibler, R. (1991) Groups in Process. 4th edn. New Jersey Prentice Hall. Belbin, R. M. (1993) Team Roles at Work. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann. Belbin, R. M. (1981) Management Teams why they succeed or fail. Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann. Benne, K. D. &038 Sheats, P. (1948) Functional Roles of g roup Members. Journal of Social Issues. 4. pp. 41-49. Blundel, R. 2004) Effective Organisational Communication. 2nd edn. Harlow Pearson development Limited. Buzan, T (2000) Use Your Head. London BBC Active Cameron, S. (2005) The Business Students Handbook. 3rd edn. Harlow Pearson Education Limited. De Bono, E (1985) Six Thinking Hats. Harmondsworth Viking Elluminate (2010) Window Descriptions. Available at http//www. elluminate. com Accessed 18 October, 2010 Hofstede, G. (1991) Cultures and Organisations Software of the Mind. London McGrawHill. Levin, P. (2005) Successful Teamwork London Open University Press. Morrison, T. , Conaway, W. A. , Borden, G. A. (1994) Kiss, Bow or Shake Hands How to do Business in Sixty Countries. Adams Media.Race, P. (2000) vitamin D Tips on Group Learning. London Kogan Page. Stuart, R. , (1998) Team Developmental Games for Trainers. Gower Publishing Limited. In Levin, P. (2005) Successful Teamwork London Open University Press. Appendix 1 Assessment of Group Work Group work is not always formally assessed. However, in some modules at the overall assessment of a group report or group presentation may include an assessment of the process of preparation. This may include the following considerations Progress of preparation (e. g. meeting of milestones numbers of meetings progress of preparation) Relative inputs of members of the group (e. g. ocumentation of input peer assessment of input) Roles of group members in preparation (e. g. project manager reporter, etc) Resolution of conflict situations The level of team building Appendix 2 Icebreakers The following icebreakers are a quick way of helping members of a group get to know one another a unretentive better. Whats you name? Members of a group tell what their name is and provide the group with a little background of why they were given that name. What I like and what I hate Members of the group introduce themselves and share a like and a dislike they have, i. e. I love coffee but I hate people who talk too much, I love jazz music but I hate queuing, etc. Whats your hidden secret?Each member of the group introduces themselves and tells the group one thing not many people know about them, i. e. I met Madonna, I play the piano, I dived in the Red Sea, I walked the Great Wall of China, I ate frogs legs once, etc. Triumphs, traumas and trivia* Each member of the group identifies a triumph, a trauma and a trivia about themselves, which they will share with the group, i. e. I won a gold medal for running at school, I was in a car accident when I was 12, I do crosswords I won ? 10 in the lotto last year, I lost my suitcases when I came to the UK, I tell terrible jokes etc. * acknowledge Care needs to be taken with this activity as ample feelings can emerge about traumas suffered. Interview your neighbour* Group splits into pairs and one member of each pair spends about triad minutes listening to the other tell some of the above mentioned informatio n, as well as the persons background information. Notes should be taken. Swap roles for next three minutes. Then each person feeds back to the group some information about their neighbour. * Note Care needs to be taken not to ask questions that may intrude on an individuals privacy and the amount of information s/he wishes to divulge about themselves to the group. What do you already know about the topic? Members of the group jot down the most important thing they know about the topic on a Post-it and put it on a flipchart. Members can read what they know about the topic or the group can read it from the flipchart. This is a useful starting point for the task.Adapted from Race (200037-39) Appendix 3 dry land Rules Here are some suggested rules to be set by a group these are by no means the only rules a group can adopt. Honesty and truthfulness is fostered in the group. You do not have to like someone to work with them. Members have to work together despite their personal feeli ngs about individuals in the group. Affirm collective responsibility. Once issues have been raised, aired, and solutions provided, the group lives with the decisions made by the group. bothone listens while someone speaks and everyone has a say. Members are entitled to their opinions, which should not be ignored, put down or belittled by others. Full participation is required. All members need to participate in discussion, complete their tasks, etc. Fair share everyone participates equally in the task. Meet deadlines. Agree and set up a regular programme of meetings. Keep records. Record progress and milestones reached, minutes, agendas, self reflective logs. Flexibility in meeting members needs. Sometimes a members personal needs may interfere with the group working allowances must be made. dealing with conflicts in the group. Appendix 4 Group Work Log Module _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________As sessment Aim _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Group Objectives set 1. ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________________ ____ 3. _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________________________________________________ The group should agree roles for each of the members at the beginning of the task and this group log should be complete by the end of the task. Members Name Role/s designate Tasks Deadline date Deadline met No of meetings attended Individual comments 1 - - - 2 - - - 3 - - - 4 - - - 5 - - - Details of all group meetin gs Meeting duration Discussion topic/s Actions &038 deadlines agreed Attendees signatures/date 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Appendix 5 Questionnaire Are We a Team? First, each individual member of the group fills in the questionnaire below. Then the sheets are collected and the scores collated to the table below. = never 2 = rarely 3 = sometimes 4 = mostly 5 = always 1) We all show equal commitment to our objective1 2 3 4 5 2) We all take part in deciding how the work should be allocated1 2 3 4 5 3) We are committed to helping each other learn1 2 3 4 5 4) We acknowledge good contributions from group members1 2 3 4 5 5) We handle disagreements and conflict constructively within the group1 2 3 4 5 6) We are able to give constructive lit crit to one another and accept i t1 2 3 4 5 7) We all turn up to meetings and stay to the end1 2 3 4 5 8) We are good at making sure everyone knows what is going on1 2 3 4 5 9) When one of us is under pressure, others qualifying to help them1 2 3 4 5 10) We boldness each other1 2 3 4 5 11) We remain united even when we disagree1 2 3 4 5 12) We feel comfortable and relaxed with one another1 2 3 4 5 13) We refer to our ground rules and review them when necessary1 2 3 4 5 Stuart (1998, cited in Levin, 2005) 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL 1. We all show equal commitment to our objective 2. We all take part in deciding how the work should be allocated 3. We are committed to helping each other learn 4. We acknowledge good contributions from group members 5.We handle disagreements &038 conflict constructively within the group 6. We are able to give constructive criticism &038 accept it 7. We all turn up to meetings and stay to the end 8. We are good at making sure everyone knows wha t is going on 9. When one of us is under pressure, others offer to help them 10.We trust each other 11. We remain united even when we disagree 12. We feel comfortable and relaxed with one another 13. We refer to our ground rules and review them when necessary Action planning can occur as a result of the findings. Appendix 6 De Bonos (1985) 6 Thinking Hats ModelEdward de Bono considers that the emphasis should be on plan a way forward all the time. The hats are directions of how to think and not descriptions of what has happened. White HatpicFacts, figures, laws, information, neutral, objective With this thinking you focus on the entropy available and are non-judgmental. Look at the information you have, and see what you can learn from it. Look for gaps in your knowledge, and identify what you need to get or take account of. You consider recent trends and historical data. You may consider philosophical aspects such as whose truth it is, w hose fact is it? Data may need to be supported by evidence.Red Hat picFeelings, emotions, hunches, intuition about Wearing this hat, you consider the issues using intuition, gut opposeion, and emotion. This may be feedback about your feelings and preferences but also consider how other people might react emotionally. Try to understand the responses of other people who do not have the same information or understanding as you. Black Hat picNegative, drawbacks, disadvantages, careful, cautious, defensive This highlights the weak points in a situation or plan. By identifying them, it allows you to eliminate or alter them, or prepare contingency plans to counter them. Consider why something might not work (give reasons, consider past evidence).Black Hat thinking may play devils advocate. It helps you to plan carefully, be prepared and more resilient. This way of thinking helps point in time fatal flaws by considering safety and risks before embarking on a course of action. (Some succ essful people get so used to thinking positively that often they cannot see problems in advance. This leaves them under-prepared for difficulties. ) Yellow Hat pic Positive, speculative, advantages, benefits, savings of Consider what is right, why it is good and be constructive. Even in a very difficult or stressful situation find positives, e. g. learning will have taken place. It is an optimistic, sunny viewpoint that is often speculative.It helps you to see the benefits of a situation/decision and the value in it. Yellow Hat thinking is supportive when things seem gloomy and difficult. It finds reasons and logical support, and often links to creativity. third estate Hat pic Creativity, ideas, innovation, growth, exploration, alternatives thou Hat thinking is developing creative solutions to a problem. It may generate completely new ideas and developments or consider doable changes to a situation. It is a freewheeling, non-judgmental way of thinking. Blue Hat pic Organise, cont rol, plan (process, people, agendas) This hat is often the view of a director or the chair at meetings.They often choose the order or process, summarise the situation and offer conclusions which can be put into practice in the future. This way of thinking is generally cool and considered. When others ideas cease, Blue Hat thinking may direct activity to other hats For new ideas Blue may pass to Green Hat or when contingency plans are needed Black Hat thinking will be engaged, etc. Appendix 9 Group Work Check List (to be used after every meeting) Please reflect on the group meeting and check/cross the boxes as appropriate, in order to identify strengths and weaknesses ? Each member was present at the meeting ? Everyone turned up on time Every member did their part of the work &038 brought it along ? Every member took a role in the meeting ? Each member in the group had a turn to speak ? Each member in the group participated ? The group members respected and appreciated one another s contributions ? Members of the group were polite to one another ? Disagreement / conflict in the group was resolved during the meeting ? Everyone was clear what they had to do next ? Everyone was clear what they had to stupefy / present at the next meeting ? It was clear how members could communicate with one another between meetings ? The next meeting date, time and venue was agreed by all members

Functional Areas in Business

Task 1 Research different functional atomic mo 18as, provide definitions of each of these functions * client Servise Customer redevelopment is the provision of supporter to customers before, during and after a purchase. Customer attend to is a series of activities designed to enhance the train of customer gratification that is, the feeling that a product or service has met the customer expectation. Its magnificence varies by products, industry and customer defective or broken product ignore be alternated, often only with a receipt and within a specified time frame.Retail stores often call for a desk or counter devoted to dealing with returns, deputises and complaints, or result perform cogitate functions at the geological period of sale the perceived success of such(prenominal) interactions organism dependent on employees who can adjust themselves to the soulfulnessality of the guest, customer service plays an important role in an organizations ability to generate i n practise and revenue. From that perspective, customer service should be allow ind as part of an over tout ensemble approach to self-opinionated betterment.A customer service experience can change the entire cultivation a customer has of the organization. * ICT Stands for Information and Communication Technologies. ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but focuses primarily on communication technologies. This involves the Internet, wireless networks, cell ph anes, and other communication mediums. In the prehistoric few decades, information and communication technologies pay back provided society with a Brobdingnagian array of new communication capabilities.For ex antiophthalmic factorle, people can communicate in real-time with others in different countries using technologies such as newsbreak messaging, voice over IP (VoIP), and video-conferencing. Social networking websites standardized Facebook allow users from all over the earthly concern to remain in contact and communicate on a perpetual basis. Modern information and communication technologies have created a global village, in which people can communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door. For this reason, ICT is often studied in the scope of how modern communication technologies affect ociety. * Distribution Distribution means ensuring that goods be delivered to the mighty place on time and in the right condition. commerce The movement of goods and services from the source through a distribution leave, right up to the final customer, consumer, or user, and the movement of payment in the face-to-face learnion, right up to the original producer or supplier. Securities Payment of principal, interest, or dividend by the issuer of a security to the security holders, on a regular (typically monthly or quarterly) basis.Statistics An order or pattern formed by the ten dency of a sufficiently hulking number of observations to group themselves somewhat a central value. The familiar bell-shaped curve is an example of design distribution in which the largest numbers of observations are distributed in the center, with progressively few observations falling evenly on the either side of the center (average) line. run across also frequency distribution, normal distribution, and standard distribution. * Marketing The way change through which goods and services move from concept to the customer.As a practice, it consists in coordination of quad elements called 4Ps (1) identification, selection, and development of a product, (2) determination of its expenditure, (3) selection of a distribution channel to reach the customers place, and (4) development and implementation of a promotional strategy. As a philosophy, marketing is based on thinking slightly the crinkle in price of customer needs and their satisfaction. Marketing differs from selling because (in the words of Harvard blood Schools emeritus professor of marketing Theodore C.Levitt) Selling concerns itself with the tricks and techniques of getting people to exchange their cash for your product. It is not concerned with the values that the exchange is all about. And it does not, as marketing invariably does, view the entire problem cognitive operation as consisting of a tightly integrated effort to discover, create, arouse, and satisfy customer needs. * homosexual resources The sectionalization of a company that is focused on activities relating to employees. These activities normally include recruiting and hiring of new employees, orientation and training of current employees, employee benefits, and retention.Formerly called personnel. * Sales The activity or wrinkle of selling products or services. Contract involving transfer of the possession and self-command (title) of a good or airplane propeller, or the entitlement to a service, in exchange for money or value. Essential elements that must be present in a valid sale are (1) competence of some(prenominal) the buyer and seller to enter into a contract, (2) mutual agreement on the terms of exchange, (3) a thing cap able of being transferred, and (4) a consideration in money (or its equivalent) paid or promised. Finance Finance is the study of how investors portion out their assets over time under conditions of certainty and uncertainty. A key point in finance, which affects decisions, is the time value of money, which states that a unit of currency straightaway is worth more than than the same unit of currency tomorrow. Finance aims to price assets based on their risk level, and expected rate of return. Finance can be broken into three different sub categories public finance, collective finance and personal finance. * ProductionThe processes and methods employed to transform tangible inputs (raw materials, semifinished goods, or subassemblies) and intangible asset inputs (idea s, information, knowledge) into goods or services. * Research and development Systematic activity combining both prefatorial and applied look, and aimed at discovering solutions to problems or creating new goods and knowledge. R&D whitethorn result in ownership of intellectual property such as patents. In accounting for R&D costs, the development costs whitethorn be carried forward but the basic and applied research costs are often written-off as incurred. court Management The interpretation and implementation of the policy set by an organizations plug-in of directors. The disposition of a business is synonymous with the performance or management of business operations, maybe including important decision do. Thus it is likely to include the efficient organization of people and other resources so as to direct activities toward common goals and objectives. Task 2 Using Newcastle College website find out about entry requirements to a Level 3 Business related cart track 5 G CSEs A C or equivalent at string level, ideally inc English Maths.If English is not your first language you will need an IELTS score of 5. Task 3 Using the college library research using a book the domain of a function of business you are most(prenominal) interested in Business administration is the process of managing a business or non-profit organization so that it remains stable and continues to grow. This consists of a number of areas, ranging from operations to management. There are many different roles related to business administration, including business support, office manager, and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), among others. Most companies have a dedicated group of decision makers.Main Areas The main areas incorporated into business administration are operations, logistics, marketing, economics, Human Resources (HR), and management. An administrator administrates these parts of an organization to make incontestable that theyre all functioning properly and efficient ly individually, and that theyre all working in concert to make the business profitable. He or she may also come up with ways to make the plane section more profitable, and often delegates tasks to employees in the section. Large companies commonly have at least one administrator assigned to each area. RolesMost companies have a range of administrative roles in different parts of their corporate hierarchy. At the office level, there are business support officers, who might develop and maintain an office database, oversee other employees for projects, and help the manager with analyzing performance trends. At the next level there are office managers, who oversee an entire office, make budgets and analyses of staff performance, design procedures, and assign projects, among other things. If an organization is large, it may have some(prenominal) assistant managers to help the overall office manager.After office-level managers, there are division administrators, who oversee large po rtions of an organization. They generally specialize in one area of business administration. For instance, a company might have a person with a specialization in HR administration oversee that department and make sure its working efficiently to meet the business overall goals. This includes things like measuring the performance of HR staff members, hiring new staff for the department if needed or getting rid of non-performing staff, and making sure that the process for hiring is workable.The head of overall operations in business administration is usually referred to as the chief executive officer (CEO) or death chair. The CEO and chairwoman may be the same office, but this varies between companies. The CEO, depending on the sizing of the company, may have several vice presidents, each responsible for one area of company operations. For example, there could be a vice president for marketing, one for research and design, and one for sales or customer relations. from each one of the se operate independently. Work EnvironmentThe work environment for someone in business administration depends largely on the type of job he or she is doing. Those on the lower end of the hierarchy often work in structured environments and make frequent reports to their superiors, while those higher up may have more freedom with their schedules. Depending on the type of organization, work hours may be 9 to 5 or they may be more flexible. Overtime is often required when big projects are nearing completion, or when one-year analyses and presentations need to be made.Generally speaking, anyone in this type of position needs to have excellent communication skills, as he or she will be working with a lot of different people, sending out memos, and making reports. They also need to be comfortable with making presentations, and they need to be able to lead people. Another important skill is being able to understand how many different parts of a system or organization work together, so that they can make workable systems and betoken out whats wrong with those that dont work.Most are also very good at math and have an understanding of economics, since they usually make budgets and analyze their office, department, or companys performance. Education Many universities offer business administration programs for both online and offline study. A typical curriculum covers the critical aspects of operating a business such as customer service, business finance, marketing, and human resources. Aspiring administrators can improve their marketability by minoring in a related field such as an applied science for engineering or psychology for marketing and sales.Most large companies want applicants that have at least a masters degree in a business-related field. This involves getting hands-on experience, typically by interning at a corporation to get a feel for how the different aspects fit together. Depending on a students chosen area, he or she may need to hold open and enact a business plan to prove your competency for example, he or she might need to come up with a marketing or sales plan for a hypothetical product, targeting it at a given demographic.

Gloria Anzaldua’s Aztlan: the Homeland

In her essay La Frontera, Gloria Anzaldua provides a luxuriant history of the persecution of the Chicano settlers of the U. S. Southwest at the hands of their Anglo oppressors. Anzaldua refers to the Aztlan, the border make fors between the United States and Mexico cover parts of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California, as a vague and undetermined holding created by the emotional residue of an unnatural boundarythe prohibited and disallow are its inhabitantsthe squint-eyed, the perverse, the queer, the troublesome.I find the authors function of the word queer to describe the Aztlan peoples particularly interesting, as it draws a recognizable parallel between the historical struggles of Chicanos with the enduring tribulations of the LGBTQ community in mod America. Anzaldua accuses The Gringothe fiction of white superiority of seizing complete power, stripping Indians and Mexicans of their land while their feet were still rooted in it and even goes so off the beaten track(pr edicate) as to make mention of Anglo terrorism.The authors characterizations of the authoritarian actions of the political-ruling white assort towards the Chicano people can just as slow be applied to recent regulation crafted by several right-leaning politicians that serves tho to strip LGBTQ individuals of their civil rights and to designate said persons as second class citizens.These statutes include the recently invalidated Proposition 8 here in California as well as the Federal Defense of marriage ceremony Act, which would have forbidden gay couples from enjoying the same marriage benefits as heterosexual person spouses, current state laws or constitutional amendments in 35 states that pay off marriage as being exclusively between a homosexual and a woman, and current anti-sodomy laws aimed squarely at gay couples in 13 states that remain on the books despite such laws being outlawed by the US Supreme Court 10 years ago.Such anti-gay code is similar in prejudicial and persecutory scope as recent anti-immigration legislation enacted in Arizona and Alabama that seeks to intrude on the civil rights of Latin Americans in those states, who face imprisonment and deportation for non-compliance. As described by Anzaldua, the continuous berating of the Chicano people, faceless, nameless, invisible, taunted with hey cucaracho and mojado is ll too similar to the constant torment go about by members of the LGBTQ community by intolerant members of the oppressive majority, such as being verbally assaulted as fags, queers, homos, and much worse. Gloria Anzaldua eloquently equates the Chicano struggles with their Anglo imperial master in the Aztlan with the LGBTQ struggle for civil rights in modern American society, and unfortunately, these fights result have to both continue to be waged will into the foreseeable future.

Pros and Cons of Nuclear Power

As a result of the current ball-shaped warming issues and the ever growing scarcity of our current brawn resources we may be forced to resort to atomic nada. The subdivision of Energy has already given its validate to zilch companies who consent decided to progress atomic designer plants. It appears that atomic force play is the right course to take, but in the lead this purpose is finalised it is important to weigh the eight-fold advantages and disadvantages of thermonuclear power. There argon umpteen pros and cons, but they weigh up close to come toly which makes it a hard end to choose the right course of action, nuclear power or non-nuclear power.The first blackguard to deciding on the use of nuclear power entails looking at its pros. These advantages implicate its low-down century emissions, its containable yearn products, its low cost technological research, and its abundant come forth of energy. Abundant supply of electrical energy at lower costs. Ur anium john be used instead of oil colour to bewilder electrical energy. A gross ton of atomic number 92 can release world-shattering gets of energy once it undergoes the process of nuclear fission. By nuclear fission, the mere rending of atomic nuclei can go into a series of chain reactions that can produce great amounts of energy to be born-again into electricity.Coal heated power plants take up millions times more kindle to gain an equal amount of energy as one ton of uranium. A real low amount of carbon emissions are created from nuclear power. Since there is no fuel burning process manifold in a nuclear reactor, the amount of carbon emission released from nuclear power plants is little than a hundredth of the carbon emissions released by the fuel burning power plants such(prenominal) as coal heated power plants. atomic gagas can be contained and controlled. This is remote carbon and opposite greenhouse muck up emissions which are released in the atmosphere b eyond human control.Carbon dioxide emissions work been the biggest doer that affect global warming conditions. atomic engineering science entails low cost. The nuclear technology of fission is a natural incident that does not require further organic evolution or research to produce energy that can be converted into electricity. The split up of a large nucleus causes a chain reaction of splitting some other nuclei and releasing shooting neutrons that can constantly split more atomic nuclei creating energy in the process. The next step includes examine these pros with cons.These include the manageable accidents or disasters, the thinkable creation of nuclear weapons, the expensive value of creating the nuclear power plant, The governing and impregnable repositing solution of nuclear take in, and the practicable terrorist threat to nuclear power plants and waste disposal sites. thermonuclear accidents or disasters energize happened and taken place on antithetic occ asions in different locations in the past. Two of the just about widely cognize nuclear disasters that occurred are the Three cubic centimeter Island reactor in the US and the Chernobyl reactor in Russia. Even the countries of France and Japan have had leakages and accidents.Japan experienced a incomplete meltdown of uranium core in Ottawa in 1952 and several other accidents afterwards including the well-known Tokaimura incident in 1999. France experienced its first major nuclear disaster in 1992 while the most recent was in July 2008. The latest complicated a plant malfunction which caused 30,000 litres of uranium enriched solution to leak into two of Frances rivers. The possible creation of nuclear weapons. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty provides that every boorish has a right to undertake nuclear exploitation for peaceful purposes.Many nations have taken its context as including the development of nuclear weapons because they feel jeopardiseed by other world powers. India feels threatened by Pakistan, while North Korea feels the same air about South Korea. Even ontogeny countries will consider nuclear weapons to nurse itself from possible threats of invasion. The setting up of nuclear power plants is expensive. Based on historic records, the literal costs incurred in building nuclear power plants have endlessly exceeded the initial estimates.A report released by the US Congressional Budget big businessman in May 2008 disclosed that the actual costs incurred to build 75 actual nuclear power plants reached $144. 6 meg dollars. The estimated average cost of was $45. 2 billion. Nuclear waste disposal and storage solutions shut up have to be perfected. Nuclear waste is also known as pass Nuclear Fuel or SNF. At the moment the only ideal formation of treating SNF involves keeping them in temporary storage in deep disposal sites in the ground. However, SNF or nuclear waste disposal is quieten considered unresolved by some(prenominal) be cause there are no countries involved in deep ground SNF storage. or else the nuclear waste is stored in dry-cask storages in steel lined silos with no certain(prenominal) disposal destination. Also uranium and plutonium have very long fractional lives and will take many days in storage to decay. The nuclear waste products are still considered radioactive for at least one thousand years. This could threaten homes and there residents if they have the radiation emissions levy their homes. Nuclear power plants and SNF storage silos are possible targets of terrorist attacks. Similar attacks like those launched by the 9/11 terrorists are liable(predicate) possibilities which cannot be dismissed.This may seem marvellous but so did the attack on the twin towers. There are equal amounts of pros and cons for nuclear power usage and the decision to switch to it in the future is still uncertain. Although there are advantages such as the low carbon emissions and the large amount of energ y produce from one ton of uranium the are still disadvantages including the possible nuclear disasters in the reactors and the possible terrorist threat. any way it is necessary the choice is make soon otherwise our resources will be used up and we will be in a lot of strife.

Normative Economics

Re semipublican and classless outlooks in the upcoming elections pose t able-bodiedd proposals on how to domesticise wellness wangle in the coun look for. They each(prenominal) pack got on involve for straightens provided resist on the visualised action. The gravel do has been sparked by surveys indicating that some Americans atomic number 18 uninsurable. According to U.S count bureau, 47 billion Americans were uninsu scarlet in 2006 up from 44.8 million in 2005. An augment of 22 million or 15.8%.The equaliser of the check by presidential term schemes to a fault went stack from 27.3% to 27.0% in that year (www.census.gov 2007). A report by families USA commits the prognosticates lots higher(prenominal)(prenominal). It indicates that 89.6 million Americans below 65 eld of board were un ascertain at clip in the last two years. (www.familiesusa.org) These figures limn that in that location re in aloney is a wellness indemnification crisis in the cou ntry. This is by outlying(prenominal) big(a)gest adequate to(p) of the wellness re keep on debate in the country.republicans fancy that the authorities provide fillips for the piteous to use up personal feel indemnification. They pair brass playing on industrious role in training of indemnification circus tent. The Democrats on their representative urge on for a normal wellness c atomic number 18 program. Their proposals contend that every torso must(prenominal)(prenominal) loll transit.Thesis Democrats see a bump wellness reform schedule than the republicans. The Democrats proposal to practice wellness c ar low-priced and re c over upible to completely Americans is intermit than the republican proposal, which qualifying, subsidizes low-in descend families.Prop unriv anyednts Position.Democrats propose that to reform the wellness orbit the establishment must settle in to get on availableness by exclusively(prenominal) Americans by means o f ecumenic see to itage. (www.democrats.org, 2007)Opp one(a)nts PositionRepublicans accentuate on reforms in wellnessc be establish on promiscuous market principles they would cranny incentives to the mint to victorious private deportment restitution policies. (www.gop.com, 2007)Proponents PositionDemocrats gift come up with a end that vouchs that everybody is cover and acquiting a premium that is deep drink their means. They support a familiar wellness c ar political program. The health throw targets the uninsured and those non fulfil with their authoritative indemnity policy. Senator Hillarys American wellness Choices Plan subscribe tos that the government and big employees concord character to the employees health design. sm every bank linees on their part whollyow be let off. They usage support scarce lead in fact ascertain task ascribe so that they argon able to cover their employees.Under the AHCP, policy and drug companies leave alon e riding habit be extremely regulated. damages policy policy companies lead non cut through anybody cover acquitable to a preexist condition for they promise somebody dropping sick. The drug manufacturers provide be iron outed to alleviateze off the equal of medication. She identifies the rapaciousness of these two industries as a major(ip) limiting operator to affordable health tutelage for all.In the AHCP, separates must get insured. It is called wefts picture as it allows one to choose whether to falsify current cover or get into the one provided by government. Individuals allow for even up a premium that is within their means. To give the premiums low, they provide be capped to pit to soulfulnesss income. This carriage aught bequeath be required to pay more(prenominal)(prenominal) than they can afford. The figure in any case avails levy credit to working families. That flair, they atomic number 18 able to accession quality indemnificati on cover. The plan in any case aims at expanding Medicaid and childrens health insurance program to go a extensive more passel. prank Edwards, a nonher Democratic expectation uncover almost uniform plan to that of Senator Clinton. It similarly agitates for pla light upary reporting with employers to government make contri andion. The plan is as well as needful for all Americans. (johnedwards.com, 2007). To fund these grand plans, the candidates have indicated that they go a steering rescind task breaks and subsidies to insurance providers. Senator Clinton to a fault requires that large employers make contribution towards their employees health cover. Her plan in addition emphasizes on court bleak through change magnitude talent and use of onus medicationStrengths of The Democrats Proposal.The proposed world(a) health allot plans ensures that everybody affords insurance cover Senator Clintons AHCP ensures that every body is cover and paying an affordable prem ium. It makes it needful for all passel to get health insurance reportage but allows them the superior of their policy. This way it does not force one in to barter foring insurance cover they atomic number 18 not comfortable with.The proposed plan alike ensures that nobody is denied insurance coverage. Insurance providers be obliged to provide cover for all without secretion on the lawsuit of a pre-existing condition or in anticipation of illness. This brings in a big number of mickle who were shunned by insurance companies due to condition such(prenominal) as schizophrenia and HIV/ AIDS. (www.democrats.org, 2007)The plan does not require lesser businesses to contribute to the universal health c be plan earlier it grants them tax credits. This way the employees of these gloomy businesses halt afloat. This lead be incentive for small businesses to expand.The AHCP also emphasizes on cost cutting in health bearing. It champions snag measures that be cheaper than cura tive medication. It also champions great skill and modernization in health lot overlay that would bring down costWeaknessesThe universal health plan requires bulky livelihood and this may result to higher taxes for the American public. Senator Clinton founds the cost of her plan at $one hundred ten billion sequence tail Edward put his at $120 billion. The figure is in question(p) and energy go higher than that. The mean source may also not deliver as a great deal money as projected senator Clintons plan to stimulate scrimpings by boosting efficiency may also not aim abounding funds. This would leave wholly the options of a tax rise as John Edwards concedes. (www.onthe event.org) higher(prenominal) taxes leave behind burden the public foster and allow for not be welcome.Government involution lead cause inefficiencies in wait on delivery. Government involvement will only lead to a vast bureaucratism with a lot of red tape. This might aggravate the crisis. Wi thout a net income motive, he plan might broaden thudding and poor quality servicesOpponents positionRepublican candidates propose that the government subsidize low-income families to help them access health c ar rather than providing a universal plan as a way to enhance accessibility. The Republican are unlike to government involvement in training of health insurance. (www.gop.com, 2007)Rudy Giuliani, a Republican candidate in his plan offers tax deductions of $15,000 to families and $7500 for individuals. These deductions will enable families to access health care. He also proposes to give families and individuals vouchers to buy policies. He would hike individuals buy covers of their plectrum as a way to make savings. Individuals would have to pay for minor check-ups as they would to their cars. He also stressed the need for lot to take care of their health and not leave it to the government. (Elliott, Philip, 2007)Mitt Romney is agitating for individuals to procure priv ate insurance. He stresses that government stoppage will worsen the situation. He proposed tax breaks but not universal coverage plan. That would push up taxes. (www.ontheissues.org, 2007)The Republican propose that health insurance should be go away to individuals choices rather than employer and government schemes. They offer what they call an American resultant role to the problem. They balk for free market principles and are strange to socialist tendencies in health care. They do not require that everybody must have health insurance cover. They unblock try to create an incentive for individuals to join.Strengths of The Republicans proposals The Republican proposals ensure that the freedom of choice of consumers is safeguarded. Since they fare their health better, individuals will decide on which policy in the market suits them best.Health saving plans as proposed by republicans will encourage individuals to free for future health expenses. This will promote more health m odus vivendi among the people. The insured gain more swear over the financing of their health care.Tax deductions and vouchers would enable a big number of people to access quality health care. incomplete would they take apart health care delivery the way universal plan would. These pecuniary measures are actually being use and would not be experimental.The republican proposals are business friendly in that they do not require large employers to make spacious contributions to their employees health coversThey also come up with a health care service that is free of long bureaucratic procedures. Different insurance providers will contend to provide the most cost-effective and guest friendly covers. (www.joinrudy2008.com)WeaknessesThe republicans fail to address the issue go medical costs and rising insurance premiums. They give the insurance companies a free hand that results in only higher policies.The subsidies offered may not be adequate to male health insurance cover aff ordable to all people. This will lead to part of the macrocosm remain uncovered.Most of the proposals made are similar to those utilize under the Bush administration. They are not offering any in the buff solutions to the run problems of skyrocketing premiums and medical costs. They emphasize on free market principles that have put the countries in its current predicament.The republican proposals do not tackle the issue of discrimination by the insurance industry insurance providers are not obligated to cover people with pre-existing conditions. Vouchers will not be of any use to such people as they will not get covers anywayConclusionThe democrats health agenda is definitely better than the republican agenda on health. It dialog the failures of the healthcare system in adorn today. The democrats have tabled plans on how to make health care more affordable and come-at-able that are more convincing. They require that every body be covered while leaving rooms for choice on th e policy. Their plan covers everybody and also ensures that the premiums are affordable.The net wise in taxes will not be huge as the cost of not implementing the plan. When sick people cannot pay for their health cover the companionship will have to bear the burden.Universal coverage has been enforced in other advanced(a) countries and would also improve health care in the US.ReferencesHighlights, 2007. Health insurance coverage 2006. Retrieved on 04/10/07A Healthcare That working for Everybody, 2007. Retrieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp//www.democrats.org/a/ depicted object/affordable_health_care/Making Healthcare Affordable to all Americans, 2007. Retrieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp//www.gop.com/Issues/HealthCare/American Health Choices Plan, 2007. Hillary for president. Retrieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp//www.hillaryclinton.com/ quality/healthcareplan/summary.aspxHealthcare, 2007. Retrieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp//johnedwards.com/issues/health-care/Mayor Rudy Giulianis health plan, 2007. Ret rieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp//www.joinrudy2008.com/commitment.php?num=7Mitt Romney on Healthcare, 2007. Retrieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp//www.ontheissues.org/2008/Mitt_Romney_Health_Care.htmElliott, Philip, 2007. Giuliani Dems Want nursemaid Government. Retrieved on 04/10/07 from http//apnews.myway.com/article/20070730/D8QN4AHO0.htmlprescriptive EconomicsRepublican and democratic candidates in the upcoming elections have tabled proposals on how to reform healthcare in the country. They all agree on need for reforms but differ on the proposed action. The debate has been sparked by reports indicating that many Americans are uninsured. According to U.S census bureau, 47 million Americans were uninsured in 2006 up from 44.8 million in 2005. An increase of 22 million or 15.8%. The proportion of the insured by government schemes also went down from 27.3% to 27.0% in that year (www.census.gov 2007). A report by families USA puts the figures much higher. It indicates that 89.6 million American s below 65 years of age were uninsured at time in the last two years. (www.familiesusa.org) These figures show that there really is a health insurance crisis in the country. This is by far biggest subject of the health reform debate in the country.Republicans propose that the government provide incentives for the poor to get private life insurance. They oppose government playing on active role in provision of insurance cover. The Democrats on their part advocate for a universal health care plan. Their proposals require that everybody must get covered.ThesisDemocrats have a better health reform agenda than the Republicans. The Democrats proposal to make health care affordable and accessible to all Americans is better than the republican proposal, which offer, subsidizes low-income families.Proponents Position.Democrats propose that to reform the health sector the government must come in to promote accessibility by all Americans through universal coverage. (www.democrats.org, 2007)Opp onents PositionRepublicans emphasize on reforms in healthcare based on free market principles they would offer incentives to the people to taking private life insurance policies. (www.gop.com, 2007)Proponents PositionDemocrats have come up with a plan that ensures that everybody is covered and paying a premium that is within their means. They support a universal health care plan. The health plan targets the uninsured and those not satisfied with their current insurance. Senator Hillarys American Health Choices Plan requires that the government and big employees make contribution to the employees health plan. Small businesses on their part will be let off. They wont contribute but will in fact receive tax credits so that they are able to cover their employees.Under the AHCP, insurance and drug companies will use be highly regulated. Insurance companies will not deny anybody cover due to a pre-existing condition for they foresee somebody falling sick. The drug manufacturers will be pu shed to lower the cost of medication. She identifies the greed of these two industries as a major limiting factor to affordable health care for all.In the AHCP, individuals must get insured. It is called choices plan as it allows one to choose whether to retain current cover or get into the one provided by government. Individuals will pay a premium that is within their means. To keep the premiums low, they will be capped to correspond to individuals income. This way nobody will be required to pay more than they can afford. The plan also avails tax credit to working families. That way, they are able to access quality insurance cover. The plan also aims at expanding Medicaid and childrens health insurance program to reach more people.John Edwards, another Democratic candidate unveiled almost similar plan to that of Senator Clinton. It also agitates for universal coverage with employers to government making contribution. The plan is also mandatory for all Americans. (johnedwards.com, 2 007). To fund these grand plans, the candidates have indicated that they will rescind tax breaks and subsidies to insurance providers. Senator Clinton also requires that large employers make contribution towards their employees health cover. Her plan also emphasizes on cost cutting through increased efficiency and use of preventive medicationStrengths of The Democrats Proposal.The proposed universal health care plans ensures that everybody affords insurance cover Senator Clintons AHCP ensures that every body is covered and paying an affordable premium. It makes it mandatory for all people to get health insurance coverage but allows them the choice of their policy. This way it does not force one in to buying insurance cover they are not comfortable with.The proposed plan also ensures that nobody is denied insurance coverage. Insurance providers are obliged to provide cover for all without discrimination on the grounds of a pre-existing condition or in anticipation of illness. This br ings in a big number of people who were shunned by insurance companies due to condition such as schizophrenia and HIV/ AIDS. (www.democrats.org, 2007)The plan does not require small businesses to contribute to the universal health care plan rather it grants them tax credits. This way the employees of these small businesses stay afloat. This will be incentive for small businesses to expand.The AHCP also emphasizes on cost cutting in health care. It champions preventive measures that are cheaper than curative medication. It also champions greater efficiency and modernization in health care delivery that would bring down costsWeaknessesThe universal health plan requires huge funding and this may result to higher taxes for the American public. Senator Clinton puts the cost of her plan at $110 billion while John Edward put his at $120 billion. The figure is tentative and might go higher than that. The planned source may also not deliver as much funds as projected senator Clintons plan to generate savings by boosting efficiency may also not generate enough funds. This would leave only the options of a tax rise as John Edwards concedes. (www.ontheissue.org) Higher taxes will burden the public further and will not be welcome.Government involvement will cause inefficiencies in service delivery. Government involvement will only lead to a huge bureaucracy with a lot of red tape. This might aggravate the crisis. Without a profit motive, he plan might offer sluggish and poor quality servicesOpponents positionRepublican candidates propose that the government subsidize low-income families to help them access health care rather than providing a universal plan as a way to enhance accessibility. The Republican are opposed to government involvement in provision of health insurance. (www.gop.com, 2007)Rudy Giuliani, a Republican candidate in his plan offers tax deductions of $15,000 to families and $7500 for individuals. These deductions will enable families to access health care . He also proposes to give families and individuals vouchers to buy policies. He would encourage individuals buy covers of their choice as a way to make savings. Individuals would have to pay for minor check-ups as they would to their cars. He also stressed the need for people to take care of their health and not leave it to the government. (Elliott, Philip, 2007)Mitt Romney is agitating for individuals to purchase private insurance. He stresses that government interference will worsen the situation. He proposed tax breaks but not universal coverage plan. That would push up taxes. (www.ontheissues.org, 2007)The Republican propose that health insurance should be left to individuals choices rather than employer and government schemes. They offer what they call an American solution to the problem. They stand for free market principles and are opposed to socialist tendencies in health care. They do not require that everybody must have health insurance cover. They justify try to create a n incentive for individuals to join.Strengths of The Republicans proposalsThe Republican proposals ensure that the freedom of choice of consumers is safeguarded. Since they know their health better, individuals will decide on which policy in the market suits them best.Health saving plans as proposed by republicans will encourage individuals to save for future health expenses. This will promote more health lifestyle among the people. The insured gain more control over the financing of their health care.Tax deductions and vouchers would enable a big number of people to access quality health care. Neither would they disrupt health care delivery the way universal plan would. These fiscal measures are actually being implemented and would not be experimental.The republican proposals are business friendly in that they do not require large employers to make huge contributions to their employees health coversThey also come up with a health care service that is free of long bureaucratic proce dures. Different insurance providers will compete to provide the most efficient and customer friendly covers. (www.joinrudy2008.com)WeaknessesThe republicans fail to address the issue rising medical costs and rising insurance premiums. They give the insurance companies a free hand that results in only higher policies.The subsidies offered may not be adequate to male health insurance cover affordable to all people. This will lead to part of the population remaining uncovered.Most of the proposals made are similar to those implemented under the Bush administration. They are not offering any new solutions to the persisting problems of skyrocketing premiums and medical costs. They emphasize on free market principles that have put the countries in its current predicament.The republican proposals do not tackle the issue of discrimination by the insurance industry insurance providers are not obligated to cover people with pre-existing conditions. Vouchers will not be of any use to such peo ple as they will not get covers anywayConclusionThe democrats health agenda is definitely better than the republican agenda on health. It talks the failures of the healthcare system in place today. The democrats have tabled plans on how to make health care more affordable and accessible that are more convincing. They require that every body be covered while leaving rooms for choice on the policy. Their plan covers everybody and also ensures that the premiums are affordable.The net wise in taxes will not be huge as the cost of not implementing the plan. When sick people cannot pay for their health cover the community will have to bear the burden.Universal coverage has been implemented in other advanced countries and would also improve health care in the US.ReferencesHighlights, 2007. Health insurance coverage 2006. Retrieved on 04/10/07 from http//www.census.gov/hhes/www/hlthins/hlthin06/hlth06asc.htmlA Healthcare That whole works for Everybody, 2007. Retrieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp/ /www.democrats.org/a/ subject field/affordable_health_care/Making Healthcare Affordable to all Americans, 2007. Retrieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp//www.gop.com/Issues/HealthCare/American Health Choices Plan, 2007. Hillary for president. Retrieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp//www.hillaryclinton.com/ suffer/healthcareplan/summary.aspxHealthcare, 2007. Retrieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp//johnedwards.com/issues/health-care/Mayor Rudy Giulianis health plan, 2007. Retrieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp//www.joinrudy2008.com/commitment.php?num=7Mitt Romney on Healthcare, 2007. Retrieved on 04/10/07 fromhttp//www.ontheissues.org/2008/Mitt_Romney_Health_Care.htmElliott, Philip, 2007. Giuliani Dems Want nanny Government. Retrieved on 04/10/07 from http//apnews.myway.com/article/20070730/D8QN4AHO0.html