Transformational and Transactional Leadership

Transformational and Transactional lead Transformational and Transactional Leadership doubting Thomas J. Kenny CRJ-810 Dec 16, 2011 M whatever styles of leading exist in the management world. close to of these approaches are very(prenominal) similar to one other. Two very antithetic styles of attractors are the transactional and transformational lead styles identified by James burn down in 1978. These leadhip styles are almost polar opposites of one a nonher, with employees in the transactional leadership style actuate by rewards and benefits, and employees in the transformational style motivated by their charismatic managers.These two leadership styles, though different from distributively another, throw show up be very stiff tools in the world of policing. Transactional leadership represents those exchanges in which both the superior and the subordinate stoop one another reciprocally so that each derives whateverthing of value. (Yukl, 1981) This style of leadershi p ass be compared to dangling a carrot in front of someone, or freehand forwardicers who write the most tickets steady weekends off. Leaders who use this style go away their subordinates something they want in exchange for something that the leader wants.The reward system of leadership used by the transactional leader burn also involve rewards or values that are not as easily tangible much(prenominal) as trust and respect. Burns(1978) referred to these values as modal(prenominal) values modal values bond leaders to followers in an attempt to actualise the needs of both parties. These rewards such as trust and respect whitethorn still be given disclose by low direct police supervisors who may not stand the authority to give out overtime or authorize special days off.While transactional leadership is refer with increasing production and motivating through a reward base system, transformational leadership is concerned with making the employee want to succeed. Bass & Steid lmeier (1998) describes this difference as Transformational leadership is predicated upon the inner dynamics of a freely embraced change of touchwood in the realm of core values and motivation, upon open-ended intellectual remark and a commitment to treating people as ends not mere means.To exercise about change, authentic transformational leadership fosters the modal values of honesty, loyalty and faithfulness and the end values of justice, equality, and human rights. Transformational leadership contains four components idealized influence (attributed or behavioral),inspirational motivation, intellectual excitant, and individualized amity. (Bass, 1985) These four components croupe be summed up as that of a charismatic leader. Employees will see the qualities of this charismatic leader and try to emulate them.Bass (1985) describes this emulation of charismatic leaders as If the leadership is transformational, its charisma or idealized influence is envisioning, confident, and sets high standards for emulation. Its inspirational motivation provides followers with challenges and meaning for engaging in shared goals and undertakings. Its intellectual stimulation helps followers to question assumptions and to generate more creative solutions to problems. Its individualized consideration treats each follower as an individual and provides coaching, mentoring and growth opportunities.Transformational leadership corporation be very effective in the world of policing, where the leadership exists from the purloin down. Officers who work for a transformational leader in a police incision must understand the vision of the departments direction, appreciate the establishments potential, believe that the goal of improvement is supported by the broad(a) boldness, and support the idea that change is needed. (Bynum, 2008) Transformational Leadership can be very effective due to the fact that its motivational and inspirational effects can be coherent lasting and f elt by every employee in the organisation.Transformational leadership encourages its members to be more proactive and more productive without any specific direction or a reward in discernment other than that it benefits the organization as a whole. With transactional leadership, some of the rewards such as part hours or days off can only be enjoyed by a few of the members. A competition to see who can write the most summonses, with the winner getting better days off, may increase production at first.The benefit of weekends off can not be given to everyone though, and usually only those who assimilate the reward will continue to enkindle as much. Transformational leadership big businessman clear a difficult time succeeding in an organization such as the New York City Police Department. The NYPD was founded in 1845, and therefrom is deeply rooted in traditions and norms. Even the most charismatic leader, brought into the NYPD to instal change and a new direction, is going to be met with extreme resistance.Police Officers, who can tend to be very reflexive at times, might not take well to the idea of being self starting, proactive, and productive for their department. This sign resistance by subordinates usually makes the transformational leadership approach a long term solution to a departments problems. Transformational leadership tends to be more effective that transactional leadership, due to the fact that most of the terms in the reward establish system of transactional leadership are defined and tangible.The subordinate is expected to produce a certain amount in order to receive a benefit. This can tend to make the employee cease production once they have met the production requirement. Conversely in transformational leadership the employees are motivated not by a reward, but for the good of the organization as a whole. This motivation can lead employees in a transformational leader organization to produce much more than what is expected of them. The fact that the terms of a transactional leadership arrangement are tangible also makes it effective for a short term production problem.A precinct with an influx of burglaries, might offer an especial(a) day off to the next officer who makes a burglary arrest. While in the long run they would want the officer to always be open-eyed for burglary arrests, the added benefit of a day off will have extra motivational effects. Transformational leadership is most often effective in organizations that have a need for change, or that have undergone a recent crisis. Transformational leaders tend to have uniting qualities, which can bring an organization out of mediocrity.Adolf Hitler, who was a tremendously charismatic transformational leader, was able to bring Germany back from the threshold of total collapse and financial ruin that it was in following valet War I. Transformational and transactional leadership can be two of the most effective styles of leadership in policing. By usi ng the transformational leadership style, police managers can foster an group of proactive and motivated police officers, who want to discover majusculeer results for the good of the team.By using the transactional leadership approach, they can achieve great results exchanging rewards and benefits with subordinates for increased production. Using a combination of these two approaches to police leadership should lead to great success. References Bass, B. , & Steidlmeier, P. (1998). Ethics, Character, and Authentic Transformational Leadership. Vanguard. edu. Retrieved December 10, 2011, from www. vanguard. edu/uploadedFiles/Faculty/RHeuser/ETHICS,%20MORAL%20CHARACTER%20AND%20AUTHENTIC%20TRANSFORMATIONAL%20LEADERSHIP. df Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and capital punishment beyond expectations. New York Free Press . Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York Harper & Row. Bynum, R. (2008). Transformational Leadership and Staff Training in the Law Enforcement Profession. The Police Ch ief. Retrieved December 10, 2011, from www. policechief cartridge. org/magazine/index. cfm? fuseaction=display_arch&article_id=1422&issue_id=22008 Yukl, G. A. (1981). Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice-Hall.

My Life, My Favorites

My Life, My Favorites I have a few different interests that entertain me while I live this crazy life of mine. Id like to think I spend close of my clock wisely, only Ive been kat oncen to get carried away with stress-free activities such as shopping, neighborlyizing and turn backing my kids sporting events. Okay, maybe the sporting events bring a itty-bitty stress upon me, but it every last(predicate) goes away after the enlivened is over. Shopping is my top favorite interest. I asked a girlfriend to eat me her opinion on what she thought my greatest interest was and she said its definitely shopping.Her tone made it sound like I shouldnt even ask such a silly question Well, I had no idea it was so noticeable to others, but since I am known to give her my hand-me-downs every fourth dimension I indulge, its in only likelihood more prevalent to her than to anyone else who knows me well. I spend many lunch breaks and Saturday afternoons on the hunt for a cash-savings, clea rance rack purchase. I will jibe at any Ross, TJ Maxx or Marshalls for the best, brand call down deals. Of course, Im not just thinking of myself when I actively take over the shoe or clothing department.I conserve my kids, friends and friends kids in mind if the size and price ar right My daughter, son and career are always my first priority, but this full-time working mom likes to let loose every now and then. An occasional happy hour, social drinking only, sometimes will accrue my interest after a long day at the office. operative for a baseball club, we see our highs and lows. Either mood can shake up such an event. So, if Im not answering the cell call off after normal business hours, its probably best for all parties involved.I am most likely partaking in a social activity that is for the betterment of my sanity. Any disruption could cause an eruption I have come to the realization that I enjoy sports more than I thought. In my childhood years, I despised the idea of w atching any games because my father ruled the only television in our home. He most always had it tuned to baseball, football or boxing. Once my daughter started play basketball game though, I thought this isnt so bad. Now that shes playing on a select team, Im thinking this is tremendous To watch the progression in her skill-set development on the court is amazing. Its such a blessing to have a coach she view and trusts. Her interest in basketball has become my interest as the rewards of her change state a self-disciplined, young lady makes raising her much easier. I frankly dont mind spending four days a week in the gym to support her. My 5 year archaic son is coming along well behind her. His t-ball efforts make me giggle.Hes so little, so serious about the game and doesnt sit still long enough to understand much, but hes suited up and ready to play At this age, all you can do is laugh and take pictures for memories sake. I can assert I am blessed to have a life that offe rs time for enjoyment. I never thought I would be such a busy lady, but as long as I am able to free my mind by spending a little cash to make myself feel pretty, visit with friends over a cocktail, and watch my kids learn and grow, I am a happy camper.

Roman Education

Essay 1 The question at attain is According to quaint Hellenic influencers, historians and philosophers, what role should education and plaza/ richesiness play in determining who should govern? In order to fare this question you must look into the very core of Greek society. To retard about Greek society I turn out read readings from ancient Greek historians and philosophers such as Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, and Thucydides. Plato introduced Greece to the thought of Idealism and his take on what an ideal society looks like. Aristotle reckond that the way a household is ran correlates to society as a whole.Greece rememberd in democracy, therefore a household should be dismission in accordance to idealistic, democratic views. The ruler of the house, the man, has more than control than the women, the women more than the slaves, and the children shed no control but are considered above slaves. Aristotle thinks a mans wealth is not always considered by his property value b ut by his knowledge. He said it is clear thus that in household management the people are of greater immensity than the material property, and their quality of more account than that of goods that make up their wealth. (Aristotle) Greek philosophers believed that in order to become a ruler you must have standards throughout your life. Aristotle said for neither life itself nor the good life is workable without a certain minimum standard of wealth. Again, for any given subterfuge the existence of the proper tools will be the essential for the performance of its task. Aristotle is locution that any ruler must have vainglorious up with standards. A childs knowledge is only as good as who is raising the child, therefore a ruler must have grown up under people who have high standards of society living.This go off point us in the direction of rulers handing the throne down to sons or other family members. It seems logical to think that a person that has grown up under the supervis ion of a ruler would carry the same beliefs and morality about society and life in Greece. This is further explained in a quote from Aristotle Take the child he is not yet richly developed and his function is to grow up, so we cannot speak of his virtue as belonging absolutely to him, but only in relation to the maturate of his development and to whoever is in charge of him. With power comes wealth, and wealth is very measurable when it comes to being a ruler that can have things done. Thucydides said we hire wealth for use than for show. (Thucydides) That statement alone gives way to the thought that wealth can buy you anything, even leadership. Of course Greek people believe in idealism and want their leader to be pure and believe in all their virtues. That does not mean that money cannot get you power, because it sure does still to this day. Plato believes in more than just wealth and property. He believes in the pureness of ones soul and their virtues.He said and they will have to watched at a very young age, in order that we may see whether they preserve their resolution, and never, under the influence and force of enchantment, forget or cast off their sense of duty to the state.. (Plato) This is Platos idea of align knowledge, the thought of a soul that has a clear thought of how to rule a society. When it comes down to it knowledge is more important in choice a ruler, but wealth plays a bigger role in placing a person in the position of getting picked. The Greek philosophers add together that knowledge of idealistic beliefs is more important idealistically in picking a ruler.

Race and Crime Essay

atomic number 18 minorities continually existence unfairly beated, tried and punished as a result of racial secernment or do minorities just induct much offenses? In order to de terminal figureine if disparity or unlikeness is the cause of flow over representation of minorities in the malefactor evaluator transcription we have to study quicken, ethnicity and past discriminatory judicial practices. are the historical discriminatory practices and past laws the cause of the imperious imbalance of part in relation to pelt along, class and discrimination within our society that leads to more than crime among minorities today?There are m some(prenominal) theories on why, how and eve if prevail discrimination plays a significant role in explaining the current arrest and immurement rates of minorities in the united States. Social agate line theory, because it also involves the some restriction to important tender aspects of society is the atomic number 53 I most agr ee with. In my experience restricted bother to cordial and cultural capital is the cause for higher than expected crime rates among our citizens who lack these two important aspects of crime control.The inability to strive triumph based on societies definition causes stain and alternative directions of thinking to achieve that level of success, which is sometimes outside the confines of the law. The term race has traditionally referred to the biological differences of mankind. The differences that distinguish us by the food coloring of our skin, hair texture and certain physical features determine what race we are. well-nigh experts contend that race is just a social construct and spate are classified and labeled by the culturally dominant radical in that society.This type of classification system tends to imply that one race is inferior to another (Walker et al pg 6). The term minority is used for any race that is less in numbers than the race in power. before long in the United States the studyity is considered to be Caucasian and the minorities are African Americans, Hispanics, Arab Americans, etc. There have been many historical examples of minorities being unfairly treated within the confines of our judicial system. Race discrimination and social and economical variety have a direct impact on crime and abominable justice (Walker et al, pg 78).In the southern states during the 1800s barriers were created in the laws to separate nonwhite persons from the majority, white persons called the Black Codes. These codes created a legal line of breakup stating where blacks could and could not go in public, what land they could own and how they could earn a financial backing. The term, cloak Line encompassed everything involving what water fountains and bathrooms coloreds could use and where they could stand or razz in public spaces.The Jim shoot a line laws of the 1900 were also racist laws and actions that deprived African Americans civil rights, claiming blacks were inferior to the whites and were lower class people. The colored sign was the most visible mark of inferiority imposed upon African Americans by the Jim Crow laws (Davis PhD). The punishment for breaking these laws and codes were mob lynching, serving prison time on chain gangs and debilitating debt imposed by sharecropping attempts to make a living (Davis PhD). Previous laws and codes set the stage for economic inequality of minorities in the United States.Income, wealth, unemployment are the standard measure of economic inequality. All of these measures indicate ample and persistent inequality in society generally and with respect to race and ethnicity (Walker et al pg, 79). In order to determine if race discrimination has the major contributor to minority over representation in the criminal justice system we must rule out the idea of disparity being the cause of overrepresentation. The concept of disparity in the criminal justice system refers to differences in say incarceration rates of a certain race but not because of systematic race discrimination.Disparity is a way to explain the high numbers of minorities as criminal perpetrators with legitimate factors. These factors could ac hit the hayledge, minorities agitate more crimes, not because police officers, judges and juries are racists. Crime arrest and convictions could be all based on legal factors. These legal factors allow in the seriousness of offense, mitigating circumstances and previous criminal records. These factors opposed to extralegal factors that include race, class, gender and lifestyle (Walker et al, pg 18).If arrest and conviction rates were based solely on legal factors with no weight given to extralegal factors, a high minority count would be considered disparity not systematic discrimination on part of the criminal justice system. To determine if nevertheless legal factors and not extralegal factors are the cause of an overrepresentation of minorities in th e criminal justice system much more research needs to be conducted. If the cause of high incarceration rates is because of disparity instead of discrimination there is one theory I feel explains why there is disparity.The Social Strain Theory explains the causes of disparity among minorities that leads to higher rates of arrests and incarceration rates. Robert Mertons social stain theory holds that each society has a dominant set of values and goals along with acceptable room of achieving them (Walker et al, pg 92). If success in life is measured by your social status, involving what you own, where you live and who you know then that is your personal goals for success. The ways to achieve this success are seen as hard work, education, self-control and as individual achievements (Walker et al, pg 92).If the American dream is not realized by a group of people because of societies inability to turn in equal levels of educational and work opportunities to achieve success it results i n what Mertons calls social strain. Mertons theory of social strain call ines the gap betwixt what society views as success and a persons circumstances are for nerve-wracking to achieve that success. (Walker et al, pg 92). Social strain helps to explain high rates of criminal activity among minorities because minorities are more likely to be denied legal opportunities to father the American dream by legal means.The high levels of economic inequality experienced by minorities, together with continuing discrimination based on race and ethnicity, mean that minorities are far less likely to be able to achieve approved social goals through conventional means (Walker et al, pg 93). In conclusion I believe minorities do commit more crimes today, but that is because of a account statement of discrimination and blocked opportunities to achieve social and cultural capital. The ruling class, the majority, because of past-institutionalized and systematic discrimination has created what we have today, a disparity among minorities involved in our criminal justice system.Therefore even though we have curbed contextual and individual acts of discrimination we have yet to address past discrimination in a meaningful way speckle still upholding the law. Bibliography Davis, Ronald L. F. Ph. D. California State University, Northridge. Creating Jim Crow. History of Jim Crow retrieved on June 2, 2011 from http//jimcrowhistory. org/history/creating. htm Lafree, G. & Russell, K. K. (1993). The argument for studying race and crime. Journal of Criminal Justice Education. 4, 273-289. Walker, S, Spohn, C, & DeLone, M. (2007). The Color of Justice Race, Ethnicity, and Crime in America. Wadsworth Publishing Co.

Negative effect of video games on children Essay

The Negtive Effects of Video Gaming on Children Children wear upont micturate to buy an expensive caper system to land pictorial matter back ups anymore, than butt simply log onto the internet through their space computer or their handheld devices and they select an array of television setgames to contain from. every(prenominal) period a baby pops a aim hoydening motion-picture certifygame into their maneuver console or logs onto the internet to play so called interactive video games, they enter a virtual world where there are no actual consequences for their actions. While vie tempestuous video games children can choose to play the cherry-red roles of either car thieves or killers.The more beat a child send aways playing video games the little time they shake off engaged in normal social activities with their friends. When a child is put oned to strike down hours a twenty-four hour period playing video games, especially violent role playing games, t hey can cause them to make violent, socially sequestrated, and depressed. First person role playing games go away children to target with their character (Harding). The more time children spend as killing machines in the false concreteity of the video gaming world, the more desensitized they become to death and killing in the real(a) world.Studies have shown the more time children spend playing violent video games, the more presumable they are to respond to real world situations with intrusion and violence (Gordon). A 2004 study published in the Journal of Adolescence open children, particularly teens, who played violent video games are more likely to become aggressive, confrontational, and see a dec groove in their academic mental process (Harding). Allowing children to play violent video games is not worth the risk they takeChildren are exposed to enough violence through television without the champion of violent games offered to them over the internet and through pop ular video gaming systems. Video games do not only expose children to violence they allow them to engage in it through the violent roles they allow them to play. Many of the roles children play over the internet or through their game consoles simulate real world situations where they can steal and murder with no consequences.Parents should not claim to read the results of a study for them to realize that allowing their child to play violent roles in video games, where they kill and steal, will encourage violent conduct from them in the real world.During September 2009 in Ohio a sixteen year old male child named Daniel Petric was forbidden by his father from buying the sore version of the violent video game Halo that he was preoccupy with. subsequently being forbidden from buying the new version of the violent game Daniel snuck out of his house and bought it anyway. When Daniels father discovered he had disobeyed him, and bought the game, he took it away from him and locked it in his lockbox where he kept his gun. later that same night, sixteen year old Daniel unlocked his fathers lockbox to retrieve his game and make up his fathers gun. After finding the gun Daniel went into his parents bedroom and shot two his father and mother in the killing them (Gordon). No one can say with absolute certainty that the video game Halo caused the boy to shoot his parents. One thing is obvious, if the boys account of events are to be believed, the game played a huge factor in his descion to murder his parents that evening. Violent behavior regrettably is not the only electronegative effect from children playing video games to often.A recent study by Douglas A Gentile, an associate professor of psychology at Iowa State University found that children who spend some(prenominal) hours a day playing video games are at risk to become addicted to them. Once a child becomes addicted to their video game, their addiction can cause them to become depressed, anxious, and have so cial problems including social isolation (Gilmore). If a child is spending several hours a day gaming they can very good become depressed. When a child spends most of their day playing video games they do not engage in normal healthy physical body process with their friends.It makes sense that the more time a child spends isolated playing video games the more likely they are to become depressed. Children affect to spend time interacting with their friends in order to develop normal social skills. When children isolate themselves playing videogames alone all day, they begin to lose their friends and social skills. Studies show that the natural depression caused from children pathologically playing video games can be easily lifted when they simply stop playing them (Frontelera). Douglas Gentile said, We found in children who started playing pathologically anxiety and depression got worse.And, when they stopped gaming the depression lifted (qtd. in Gilmore). The idea that allowing a child to play his or her favorite video game for a couple hours a day can lead them to social isolation may sound farfetched, regrettably it is not. The more time a child spends playing video games the less desire they have for one on one human contact. Although, children have the ability to interact with other players including their friends through the internet, their friends become part of the game itself and there is no real contact.Children need to spend time in social environments with their peers in order to learn and maintain the social skills they need to navigate through life. When a child loses his or her social skills they quick become isolated and depressed. Their isolation and depression can lead them to identify themselves more with the character they are playing in their videogame than their own real life. First person role playing games allow children to identify with their character. Studies have shown the more time teenagers spend playing violent videogames at home the more likely they are to respond to real world situations with aggressiveness and violence.A childs imagination is amazing and sometimes limitless, unfortunately it can become dangerous when they begin to imagine themselves thieving cars and murdering volume while playing first person role playing Videogames allow children to become kings and queens, or car thieves and murderers. Children can become so attract by the different roles they play in the virtual worlds created for them through videogames that the line between the real world and the virtual one depicted in the video games they are playing becomes blurred. . Violent video games rewarded children for things like stealing cars and killing people.

Need of the Study Essay

It is rightly said plastic capital is urgency of the hour. People ar using these cards on a immense scale. But after considering the material available on the subject, it is seen that the whole defrayment process of processing these cardsIntroductionMoney is any situation or verifiable disc that is generally veritable as recompense for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context.123 The main functions of currency are distinguished as a strong point of exchange a unit of account a store of hold dear and, perhaps, a standard of deferred payment.45 Any item or verifiable record that fulfills these functions can be considered money.Money is historically an emergent market phenomenon establishing a commodity money, but nearly all contemporary money systems are based on fiat money.4 Fiat money, like any qualify or note of debt, is without intrinsic use value as a physical commodity. It derives its value by being declared by a gove rnment to be legal tender that is, it must be accepted as a form of payment inwardly the boundaries of the country, for all debts, humankind and private.citation needed Such laws in practice cause fiat money to acquire the value of any of the goods and services that it may be traded for within the nation that issues it.The money supply of a country consists of currency (banknotes and coins) and comm all includes bank money (the balance held in checking accounts and savings accounts). Bank money, which consists only of records (mostly computerized in modern banking), forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries.678

Interpreting the First Amendment of the Constitution Essay

The notion of being free to choose whatever religious belief a citizen wants to posses is notoriously known to be a liberty laid by the first amendment. Congress shall make no law obligingnessing an fleshation of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, (A-18 Brinkley) are the famous words of the constitution. Yet, this aforesaid(prenominal) law also states that the legislative branch of the U. S. judicature does not wear the authority to favor one religion over the another(prenominal). In fact, it dictates that the government must remain secular when it comes to the affairs of religion as it backnot respect any one particular religion over another.Thus, there can never be a national religion, an American version of the Anglican Church, as it would hinder the government from preserving the freedom to choose between religions. The other liberties guaranteed by this amendment were the rights of speech, the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, an d petition the judicature for a redress of grievances (A-18 Brinkley). These are all liberties that allow for the citizens of the nation to kvetch the government. Civilians can protest through their speech, which may hold accusatory claims against the government, in public areas.Americans are allowed the right to publish grievances in the press, free of censorship from a legislative body, as well. These are liberties that allow for organizations to spread instruction and knowledge over any form of tyranny they may recover the government bestows onto the population. These are also lubricating actions that more easily allow for assemblies to form and confront the government over such issues. Really, the amendment is a formula for allowing the noncombatant populous to restrain the authority of the government.

Mexican Art

The land called Mexico has some(prenominal) moods and faces. Without a doubt Mexico is steeped in ancient Indian lore, seasoned with Spanish colonial customs. The array of folk invention and crafts in Mexico is simply mind-boggling. Each bucolic of Mexico has its own specialty, with villagers maintaining the traditions handed down from countless generations.Mexican culture is a fascinating blend of primordial American traditions and Spanish colonial influences. pertinacious before the Spaniards arrived in the 16th century, the indigenous civilizations of Mexico had developed machinations much(prenominal)(prenominal) as ceramics, music, poetry, sculpture, and weaving. After the conquest, the intricate designs and b correctly touchs of many autochthonal American arts were often mixed with atomic number 63an techniques and religious themes to fix a hybrid and uniquely Mexican esthetic style.Numerous churches constructed during the colonial era reflect the blending of Spanis h architectural designs with the handiwork of aborigine American workers who built and decorated the buildings. Many of Mexicos most habitual neo craftssuch as textiles, pottery, and furniture makingborrow designs and techniques from Native American culture. Mexican painting and music have similarly been cause by this heritage.Indigenous influences were given a tremendous boost by the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920). During and immediately after the revolution, many Mexican artists famous the nations unique mixture of races and cultures in their work. Political and societal themes from the revolutionsuch as efforts at land reform and the right of common Mexicans to participate in the nations giving medicationwere also reflected in the arts.Immediate post revolutionary governments supported the arts and contributed to efforts to beat them more accessible to average Mexicans, especially in the 1920s and 1930s. The unmarried most responsible for this support was Jos Vasconcelos , a leading intellectual who served as secretary of education in the first off post revolutionary government.The government was especially influential in promoting mural painting, commissioning artists to paint murals line drawing Mexican history on creation buildings (Hutchison, 2003). During the 1930s, painters came to Mexico from the United States to study the mural movement. Many people from Europe, the United States, and Latin America also visited Mexico as tourists in the 1930s and 1940s, increasing the favouriteity of native arts such as the making of silver jewelry.PaintingsMexican arts, with the exception of folk arts, generally followed European patterns during the colonial period and the 19th century. The Mexican Revolution was instrumental in fostering a new sense of nationalism and experimentation at the School of graceful Arts in Mexico City. Artists such as David Alfaro Siqueiros belonged to a group of painters who decided that content and form was as important as aesthetics.A number of these artists, including Siqueiros, were political activists as well up as artists who aimed to animize the lower classes in Mexico by creating paintings that dealt with revolutionary themes. They encouraged the development of public murals, so that ordinary Mexicans could view the work of leading artists (Martin & Jacobus, 2004). Painting with a permanent medium on enceinte walls, these muralistsincluding Diego Rivera, Jos Clemente Orozco, and Juan OGormandominated the Mexican art world in the 1920s and 1930s.Other artists pursued a different tack. Frida Kahlo multicolored numerous small self-portraits, which captured her own vision in strange, often surrealistic presentations. Kahlo fractured herspine and pelvis in a duty accident as a teenager and began to paint while regain from her accident. The constant pain Kahlo suffered due to her injuries, as well as her unhappiness over being unable to bear a child, argon reflected in much of her work.In the 1930s Rufino Tamayo combined native folk themes with European art forms such as cubism. His work reached a much bigger foreign audience than that of former(a) Mexican artists, particularly in Europe and New York City. Tamayo was an outspoken opponent of the painting style of the revolutionary muralists, controversy that their focus on political and social themes came at the expense of artistic quality. The intense colors of many of Tamayos paintings and his use of flattened savorless figuresa style that is common in Mexican folk or pre-Columbian artgave his work a distinctly Mexican flavor.Manuel Alvargonz Bravo, who associated with rough of the leading creative photographers in the United States, such as Edward Weston and Tina Modetti, became the first Mexican photographer to reach a large international audience. He was influential in promoting photography as an art form in Mexico. See also Latin American Painting Latin American Sculpture.ArchitectureFrom the 16th through the e ighteenth centuries, computer architecture overshadowed other forms of art in Mexico. The proto(prenominal) buildings of the Spaniards tended to be simple and practical. In the 17th and 18th centuries, however, architecture in Mexico became highly decorative and elaborate. It was during this period that many of the countrys famous churches were built, including theCathedral of Mexico in Mexico City. Examples of Spanish colonial architecture are found throughout Mexico.In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the French splendors of the Second Empire style were introduced in Mexico City. This cause began under Emperor Maximilian, who ruled Mexico briefly during the 1860s, and later under death chair Porfirio Daz. Daz commissioned the ornate Palace of Fine Arts, which was completed in the 1930s. Since the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), many outstanding examples of modern architecture have been built in Mexico.The National Autonomous University of Mexico contains many spectacular modern buildings that feature murals in fresco and mosaic. It includes a multistoried library almost completely covered by mosaics designed by Juan OGorman. Another Mexican architect, Flix Candela, created highly original cover shell designs for several churches and for the sports palace at the 1968 Olympic Games (Billington, 2003). One of Mexicos most internationally admired architects, Pedro Ramrez Vzquez, designed the storied Museum of Anthropology and History in downtown Mexico City.Ceramics (Clay Art)Since the appearance of the Olmec culture, considered to be the mother of the Mesoamerican cultures, ceramics took a prevailing place in the lives of the Mexican people. The earthenware vessels, anthropomorphic figures, and diverse types of utensils found in the archaeological ruins of the ancient Olmec cities of Tajin, San Lorenzo, La Venta and Tres Zapotes, suggest the techniques apply in their ceramics the use of remains, the knowledge of some primitive firing techniques, their agent of coloring and painting designs.The Olmecs transcended their era (1500 B.C. 800 A.D) and bequeathed their knowledge to the cultures that flourished after them. The Teotihuacans (100 B.C. 800 A.D.) prepared the mass of their vessels with clay and decorated them with a variety of techniques mainly stucco, painting, and smoothing. The pottery of the Aztecs (1325 A.D. 1521 A.D.) was extremely varied. They made all types of earthenware, plates, jugs, cups, and pots, mostly with red and orange clay.The Mixtecs stood out for their polychromatic lacquer ceramics, in which after polishing a piece, they would cover it with whiten stucco and then paint it. To the north, the Casas Grandes culture (100 A.D. 1360 A.D.) produced beautiful polychrome ceramic, essentially with geometric motives and influences from the Mimbres culture. Each region had its own unique characteristics in pottery. However, in all these cultures, the potter himself was given a great deal of importanc e. The Aztecs summed it up in the following wayA good potterhe puts great care into his work,he teaches the clay to lie,he speaks with his own heart,he shores life to things,he creates them,he knows everything as if he were a Tolteche makes his hands skillful.The ancient techniques employed to make ceramics are still utilise today mostly in the rural parts of Mexico. Its homophile(a) how these groups were able to preserve their artistic techniques coil building, open firing, natural pigments and provided they lost their original language and their religion.When the Spaniards arrived, the blending of societies allowed the indigenous people to key new techniques, and the combination of styles gave life to some of the more famous ceramic styles of Mexican earthenware, such as the majolica or Talavera. Pueblas Talavera is a direct descendant of the Arabic-Andalusian tradition, which began in Spain in the ninth century, when the influence of the Arabic culture passed on its techn iques to peninsular potters. In Talavera de la Reina, Spain, it became very popular and took a characteristic stylistic form toward the 16th century. It was then that it was brought to the Americas, especially to the Nueva Espaa, the New Spain, as Mexico was called in colonial times.Although Talavera is only produced in Puebla, other majolica type earthenware is also produced in places like Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato and San Miguel de Allende. To the west, in Tonala, Jalisco, is some other Mexican state with a long tradition of ceramic production. Here, on that point is more of a Persian influence, including pieces such as stew urns, utilize gold and silver.In Metepec, State of Mexico, the ceramic tradition has been influenced by Christian beliefs. Here they create the well-known arboles de la vida, directs of life, which are made to musical note much like tree. Wire is used to attach the clay leafs and figurines to the tree. It is called de la vida because it explains the ori gins of life. Usually there are figures of God, angles and Adam and Eve, as well as the serpent and some fruit are represented by special figures.Day of the Dead trees is also made using skeletons, and images cogitate to the festivity. Some are made in terracotta, without glaze others are painted in every imaginable color. Red ware, which is used to make everything from large cooking pots to rice dishes to table dishes, is typical of Michoacan. The characteristic decoration of these dishes are small flowers made with the thick part of the paintbrush, with white or unfledged paint around a small black circle, as if it were a margarita (the flower).In Oaxaca, the town of San Bartolo is famous for its barro negro, black clay. The artwork made with this clay acquires its color through the pigments in the polishing process, which brings out the red color from inside the clay. There are some more recent techniques that bring out a mixture of the natural dark and light tones of the clay, which artists protectively keep to them (Wasserspring, 2000).The small town of Mata Ortiz, Chihuahua stands out for its beautiful pottery as well. It was here that they reinvented pre-Hispanic ceramics techniques after shards of ancient pottery were found in the ruins of Paquim. This conversion was mostly due to Juan Quezada, outstanding Master Potter of Mata Ortiz.Some Mexican creators have implemented new forms and new designs for typical Mexican artwork, such as ceramic eggs from which petty(a) frogs are born, lizards and other little animals glass and ceramic twisters key chains with eclipses masks with a pre-Hispanic or oriental motif dish sets with images of Tamayo or Rivera tiles with geometrical figures, etc.In the 1950s, spirited Temperature ceramics or stoneware appeared in Mexico. The origin of this type of ceramics is from China, Korea and Japan.This technique was introduced to Mexico by a small group of Mexican ceramic artists who studied abroad, mainly in Japan an d the United States. Little by little, it caught on, and these days there are several regional centers in which artists work with Stoneware, such as Michoacan, Veracruz and Jalisco.As we can see, Mexican ceramics bring together the influences of pre-Hispanic, European, Arabic and Oriental cultures. whatsoever technique is used, Mexican ceramics have individuality and flavor that is appreciated for its art and quality worldwide.References Hutchison, P., (2003). Footprint Central America and Mexico 2004 (p. 93). USA Footprint HandbooksMartin, F. D., Jacobus, L. A. (2004). humanistic discipline through The Arts (p. 399). New York, NY McGraw-HillBillington, D. P., (2003). The Art of Structural Design A Swiss Legacy (p. 136, 162). USA Other DistributionWasserspring, L., Ragan V., (2000). Oaxacan Ceramics Traditional family Art by Oaxacan Women (pp. 1, 22). San Francisco, California Chronicle Books

Plato V/S Aristotle Philosophies

The questions that were posed Plato or Aristotle, What are the differences in the philosophies of Plato and Aristotle? Which philosophy tycoon turn in been the better one to live by in the date of reference? Give examples and details to support your argu workforcet. Plato, who was the most famous student of Socrates, idea corresponding Socrates and was not happy with the Athenian order as it was. Plato was until now more than upset with the Athenian society because they had his teacher put to closing even though it was reported that many of the Athenians were sorry for having done this. ladder et al, 88) Both Socrates and Plato were republicans. He called democracy a charming form of g everyplacenance. In his dialogue The commonwealth, Plato is verbalize to be a dirty print for a perfect society. In it he talks intimately justice, statesmanship, ethics and politics. He did not cerebrate that justice could be achieved by dint of democracy. It is democracy that he blam ed for the death of his teacher. (90) He wanted the Republic to warn the large number of Athens that they necessary a good education, honor for the law and leaders of their society.He felt at that place should be a stronger community base like it was before the wars and the arrival of this democracy. The style batch were able to understand what he called the truth of the Forms was how he would rank people in his perfect society. Plato felt that women could rank as high as men since they had the same virtues. He felt that these people could live unitedly in the same barracks area and could pass sex to make more enlightened children. Plato felt that society should be run by soul from this communal area.The ones who were the highest in enlightenment would be the ones to govern over the people. They would be called philosopher-kings. In his school that he named the Academy, after Academus or Hecademus, a mythical hero who had a cult following, Plato taught that people are bo rn with knowledge. He said it was not learned after birth. It was only recalled. He said that knowledge is only in the mind. There is supposed to be a higher level that people are supposed to experience over and above that of the senses. This is needed because the senses have a tendency to deceive.There is a need for a higher plane of existence called Forms. These Forms allow the soul to better understand the ultimate truth. Aristotle, even though he was taught by Plato had different ideas ab place how things should go. Aristotle was said to have been the tutor for Alexander the Great. He was besides a biologist that was called a polymath, which means he knew some(prenominal) about everything. He too started his profess school. It was called Lyceum. He did not believe that there was an Essence or Form. He believed in nothing that the facts.Where Plato said that knowledge was born inside everyone, Aristotle said that knowledge comes from experience. The popular opinion is that Rationalism knowledge comes from experience and Empiricism knowledge (posterior) comes after experience. Aristotle also had a great confidence in sense perception. He felt that there are principles that come from experience. His beliefs would not allow him to believe that there is a world of Forms that transcends cartridge holder and space. He said that if there were Forms and absolutes they would have to be found in the thing itself.He is best know for his ideas that logic is the way to win an argument rather than being persuasive. To him, look at things in their natural settings would allow one to find out more about it. Aristotle did not stand for that women could be equal to men because of his false idea about biology. And he felt that slavery was not a bad thing. Aristotle did not believe that all people had the logical part that should rule in a human. (91) He like Plato did not think it was a good idea for regular people to run the government.He also felt that better peop le were needed to handle this. (91) According to Aristotle people should be able to train their minds to outdo the impulses that people have. He was not telling people to not do what they felt good doing. He just wanted them to think things finished before they did them. The intellect of the human mind should be able to shine the human will. The mind to Aristotle was the god-like part of the human and it was the part that should and could find the relaxation needed to keep what you want from ruling your common sense.Plato put the psyches will and self-control in the hands of someone else. Aristotle on the other hand felt that man is in charge of his own destiny and makes the ultimate decision to do something or not. In our society today there is a al-Qaida for what Aristotle fantasy in the way of philosophy. Many in the West value the concept that self-control overrules wantonness. Since the basis for society prewar was in the form of deities and Platos school of thought is s till seemingly based on a type of deity, perhaps the best way for the people of that era to be was more on the lines of Aristotle.His was would cause the people to think more about what they were doing. This may have been the best way for the culture to retain its once prosperous status. This would collapse the Athenians the opportunity to rule rather than be ruled. When one accepts the consequences for their own actions and think about what could happen if they do things a certain way, it is less potential that the situation will turn out badly. The parts, of his philosophy, that were not good for that time is the thoughts on slavery and women. This would not promote unity which is what was needed.Works citedhttp//www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Societies/Plato.html Hunt, Lynn, doubting Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, Bonnie G. Smith. The Making of the West, Peoples and Culture, A Concise History. 3rd ed. Boston / bare-assed York. Bedford / Martin. 2013. Print

Ascorbic Acid Determination

Determination of Vitamin C (Ascorbic deadly) niggardliness in few of Commercial Products, by Redox Titration Mouhannad AL. -Hachamii Sadiq J. Baqir Saadon A. Aowda Fatima A. Hussein, Dep. of chemistry, college of science, Babylon University Muhammed K. Alasedi Ministry of Health Hilla city, Babylon Abstract The goal of this search is to determine the tightfistedness of vitamin C (Ascorbic acid ) in some of a Commercial Products, Vegetables and take succuss by Redox Titration.A redox titration, involving an Iodometric method, has been used to do the analysis.L-Ascorbic acid was set-back isolated as a pure substance by Albert Azent-Gyorgi and Charles Kingin 1928 Paulling ,1970 , an anti-oxidant and ingenuous radical scavenger, is put up ubiquitously in fruit and vegetables such as citrus fruit fruits ( orangishs, crumbs, limes, tangerines etc. ), melons, tomatoes, peppers, broccoli, green leafy vegetables such as spinach, potatoes and turnips, its quantitative aim is espec ially grave in the production of wine, beer, milk, soft throws and fruit succuss, where it stinker be a type indicant Gerrior & Zizza,1994 .Given the essential role vie in the human diet and necessary to growth and resort of tissues in all parts of human body . It is necessary to form collagen an important hide proteins ,scar tissue ,tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels. vitamin C is essential for the healing of wounds, and for the repair and maintenance of cartilage, bones and teeth Mcevoy ,1993 . Since vitamin C is easily changed, storage and homework in air leads to the eventual oxidation of vitamin C by atomic number 8 in the atmosphere.In increment, ascorbic acid is water-solubility vitamin means that a significant issue forth of vitamin C present in a food can be lose by boiling and then discarding the cooking water Mcevoy ,1993. The formula for ascorbic acid is C6H8O6 , It occurs as a white or lissomly yellow vitreous silica or powder with a slight acidic te st , Ascorbic panelling is freely soluble in water sparingly soluble in alcohol insoluble in chloroform, ether, and benzene M rack upat,1986. The structures for the reduced (ascorbic acid) form and for the oxidized form (dehydroascorbic acid) are shown below picThe amount of ascorbic acid can be determined by a redox titration with a standardized upshot of iodine. The iodine is reduced by the ascorbic acid to form iodide. As shown in the other half of this redox equation. pic The titration end point is reached when a slight excess of iodine is added to the ascorbic acid resolvent Bailey ,1974Brody,1994Pauling ,1976Kalluer,1986. Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, a disease characterized by weakness, small hemorrhages throughout the body that cause gums and skin to bleed, and loosening of the teeth. Vitamin C can non synthesized through body cells, nor does it introduce it.It is therefore important to include plenty of vitamin C-containing foods in perfunctory diet. vitamin C toxicity is very rare, because the body can not store the vitamin yet ,amounts greater than 2000 mg/ sidereal day are not recommended because such last doses can lead to stomach up set and diarrhea. The minimum daily requirement is 30 mg. Well-balanced diets provide adequate amounts of the vitamin as metric by the Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) of about 75 mg per day for adults (aged 15 or older), less for children, and more for pregnant and lactating women.The case Academy of Sciences recommends the consumption of 60 mg of ascorbic acid per day. . the Federal feed and Drug Administration has adopted the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 60 mg/day A very small daily divine guidance of vitamin C (10-15 mg/day for an adult) is required to avoid deficiency and stave off scurvy. However, there has been, and continues to be, vigorous debate on what the optimum daily wasting disease of vitamin C is. Some have argued that 200 mg/day is an optimal daily intake for adult huma ns.Others have suggested 1-2 g/day is best, this despite studies that show that the blood is satu putd with vitamin C at blow mg/day, and any excess is excreted in the urine RDA,1995 RDA,1987 Browne. ,1993 FAO/WHO,2002 Levine et al. ,1999 Levine et al. ,1995Teoh ,1975. Recommended daily dietary intake of vitamin C AUSTRALIA milligrams U. S. A. illigrams Infants 30 35 Children 30-50 45 Adult men 30 60 Adult women 30 60 Pregnancy (2nd and 3rd 60 80 trimesters) Lactation 60 ascorbic acid I2 is not standard solution ,so it may be standardized with thiosulphate solution . Experimental Procedure for conclusion of Bailey ,1974 Brody, 1994 Pauling,1976 Kalluer,1986. 1. Preparation of 0. 005 mole L? iodine solution Accurately load two gm of KI and 1. 3g of I2 , dissolved to aless amount of water , excite until dissolving .Transfer iodine solution to a 1L volumetric flask , devising sure to rinse all traces of solution in to the volumetric flask using distilled water , c ompleted the volume up to the mark. 2. Preparation of 0. 5% starch indicator solution Soluble starch (0. 25gm) to a atomic number 6 mL conical flask or beaker and 50 mL of distilled water was added . Solution heated with stirring at 79 0C for 5 legal proceeding , careful must be taken not to exceed the give tongue to temperature. Allow solution to cool to room temperature. 3. Preparation of food/drink sample Industrial Packaged fruit juices Orange , Pineapple, Lemon ,Tmrhend and orchard apple tree (Miso), Pepsi (khaleek kadha), Red grapes(Niktar), Seven up (Kufa), Pomegranate (Linda) , Tmrhend (Toti), Orange (Dalia), and Granules peach (Rani) may also need to be agonistic through cheese material if it contains a lot of treacle or seeds. For analysis of vitamin C powders ( Tanc stinker , Tanc orange and livans powders ) dissolved 1 gm in 100mL of distilled water (in a volumetric flask). For analysis of vitamin C pads ( Kruger and joiure tablets), dissolved a single tablet i n 200 mL of distilled water (in a volumetric flask). Juice squeezed from flip fruit (Diala orange , Hilla orange, Egypt orange ,allalinki ,pomegranate and apple Juices ) should be tug through cheese cloth in order to remove seeds and slop which may block pipettes. Juice squeezed from fresh vegetables ( Tomato , onion ,Celery ,Option ,Potato and Lettuce juices ) should be strained through cheese cloth in order to remove seeds and pulp which may block pipettes. Sample of fruit or vegetable (100gm) intermingle in a food processor together with 50 mL of distilled water. After blending, strain the pulp through cheese cloth, washing it 0mL in a volumetric flask. 4. Aliquot of the sample (20 ml) solution prepared supra transfrred into a 250 mL conical flask , about 150 mL of distilled water and 1 mL of starch indicator solution. 5. Sample were titrated with 0. 005 mol L? 1 iodine solution. The endpoint of the titration is identified as the premier(prenominal) distinct trace of a dark blue-black colour ascribable to the starch-iodine complex. 6.Titration were repeated with further aliquots of sample solution until concordant resolves (titres agreeing within 0. 1 mL) were obtained. Results and discussion- In this research estimating vitamin C in industrial juices (Orange , Pineapple, Lemon, Tmrhend and orchard apple tree (Miso), Pepsi (khaleek kadha), Red grapes (Niktar), Seven up (Kufa), Pomegranate (Linda) , Tmrhend (Toti), Orange (Dalia), fruits (Dalia) and Granules peach (Rani)), Kruger and joiure tablets, and Tanc lemon , Tanc orange and livans powders, and native juices for fresh fruits (Diala orange , Hilla orange, Egypt orange ,mandarin ,pomegranate and apple Juices ) and fresh vegetables ( Tomato , Onion Celery ,cucumber ,Potato and Lettuce juices). It was calibrated using redox representation by iodine calibration using starch as indicator , iodine was an adequate oxidizer used for this purpose.Table (1) show the in industrial juices estimated conce ntration and the harmonize of vitamin C. Table (1)The results were obtained below, represent the vitamin C content in some industrial juice in quantity mg / 100 ml and percentage %. Amount calculated Industrial product design Chain mg / 100 ml 11. 9 Orange (Miso) 1 49. 4 pineapple(Miso) 2 15. 4 lemon (Miso) 3 14. 2 Tmrhend (Miso) 4 13 Apple (Miso) 5 19 Pepsi (khaleek kadha) 6 35. Red grapes(Niktar) 7 25. 88 Seven up (Kufa) 8 28 Pomegranate (Linda) 9 25. 77 Tmrhend (Toti) 10 19.. 995 Orange (Dalia) 11 13. 33 fruits (Dalia) 12 53. 2 Granules peach (Rani) 13 13. 33 lemon (Tanc) 14 6. 665 orange (Tanc) 15 13.. 33 orange (livas) 16 69.. 95 vitamin C (Kruger tablets) 17 19.. 995 Vitamins (joiure tablets) 18 Scheme (1) . Vitamin C content in some industrial juice (mg/100ml) .The result in table (1) and scheme (1) showed the highest concentration of vitamin C in industrial juices found in granules peach juice where concentration is (53. 32) mg / 100 ml and lowest in orange juice (Miso),hitting (11. 49) mg /100 ml ,either powder Limon Tanc, the straw man of vitamin C according to air declared on the product is 100 %,but the results show that we have reached 89. 9 % and its concentration was (3. 33) mg/100 ml, where results appeared supposed to be the load of vitamin C (667) mg of store (45) mg ,results show that this weight (599. 85) mg of origin (45) mg . While orange Tanc powder result of vitamin C amount to 44. 6 % with the amount according to publicize declared as the products of 100 %,where it should the weight of vitamin C (667) mg of origin (45) mg ,results show that this weight (299. 9) mg of origin (45) mg .Vitamin C tablets geek Krueger according to bulletin declared only that all (1) gm contains (45) mg of vitamin C, but the results we obtained the concentration is (69. 95) mg in (1) gm ,an increase of about (25) mg. Either vitamins fruits tablets type junior according to bulletin declared only that all (1) gm contains (8. 8) mg of vitamin C but we have received is (19. 995) mg in (1) gm, an increase of more than double. Where the study showed that the Tmrhend juice (Miso) was vitamin C focus as the results we obtained (25. 7) mg/100 ml ,but according to the bulletin attached descent rate and quality (1. 68) mg/100) ml ,either alimonadah juice (Miso) was its focus as the results we obtained (15. 4)mg/100 ml, but according to the bulletin attached descent rate and quality (0. 1) mg/100 ml. comparing these results with a focus locate on the packaging these juices, showing clearly that there was a rest in the percentage concentrated of company to company, And also because of industrial juices and hurt storage methods. The handling and preparation of food products adversely affect the quality of vitamin C in food. since it vulnerable to heat ,oxygen and acid, temperate and alkalinity mediums.With regards to the manufacture of juices, the keepers invulnerable containers made of sheet metal or glass do no t cause the lose of what remains of vitamin C as a result of manufacturing processes only about 10 % while keeping cardboard containers, whether with paraffin series layer or polyethylene, they lead to the loss of around 75 % of the knightly three weeks, even if keeping it in the fridge because these containers do not prevent the access of oxygen to juice and oxidize it, in addition to the work of the upper-packaged juice or occupied by air to oxidize the proportion of juice again, while the addition of carbon alkalinity of the damage vitamin juice damage entirely. Table (2) shows the estimated in natural juice concentration and the proportion of vitamin C .Table (2) The results were obtained below, represent the vitamin C content in some natural juice in quantity mg / 100 ml . measuring Standard Amount calculated Natural juices name Chain agree to mg / 100 ml international standards mg / 100 mg 42-50 98. 64 Diala orange 1 42-50 107. 1 Hilla orange 2 42-50 73. 3 15 Egypt orange 3 37. 71. 4 Mandarin 4 52. 8 72 63 pomegranate 5 6 51. 5 Apple 6 13. 6 17 20. 6 Tomato 7 50 47. 6 Onion 8 14 22. 1 Celery 9 27 35. 7 Cucumber 10 11 20 47. 6 Potato 11 75 83. Lettuce 12 Scheme (2) Vitamin C content in some natural juices . In table (2) and scheme (2) the results showed the highest concentration of vitamin C found in orange juice, hitting (107. 1) mg /100ml of juice ,the lowest train was found in tomato juice, when it reached (20. 6)mg /100 ml of juice. Results showed also the presence of vitamin C concentration (107. 1) mg /100ml in naturally orange juice (Hilla),98. 64 mg / 100 ml (Diala) and 73. 315 mg / 100 ml (Egyptian) ,while the concentration of vitamin C in Hilla orange highest from Diala orange which highest more than the Egyptian orange. pic pic

Descartes vs Locke Essay

Socrates once said, As for me, on the whole I know is that I know nonhing. Several philosophers contradicted Socrates outlook and believed that true(a) association was in fact attainable. This epistemological view only had several stances to it, as philosophers held different beliefs in regards to the derivation of true fellowship. Rationalists believed that the mind was the source of true companionship, while in Empiricism, true knowledge derived from the senses. Rene Descartes, a rationalist, and John Locke, an empiricist, were meridian examples of epistemologists who were seen to differentiate greatly within each of their philosophies.However, although Descartes and Lockes ideas did contrast in that sense, they both sh bed common concepts that helped mould the basis of their ideas. Descartes and Locke both concur that there were things in life that experience that we quite a little be certain(prenominal) of. For Descartes, human experiences did not tran tag sufficie nt proof of populateence. He indicated that by means of and through his Dream Conjecture and his Evil-Demon Theory (Paquette 205). Descartes give tongue to that we cannot be certain if reality is a dream or not, thus questioning our earth (Paquette 205).In his Evil-Demon Theory, Descartes claimed that for all he knew, an evil demon could be putting thoughts into his head, fashioning him think that reality was true when it was in fact false (Paquette 205). Ultimately, all this thinking resulted in Descartes coming to the termination that the one thing we could be sure of existing is the mind (Newman 2010). This can be seen through his around famous quote, I think therefore I am (Kaplan 2008). Descartes claimed that since he was able to doubt and think using his mind, his mind must exist (Paquette 205). Similarly, Locke was too sure of existence.He believed that every object was made up of original qualities as well as secondary qualities (Paquette 212). Secondary qualities imprecate on how a person senses the object subjectively, and is experienced differently depending on the individual (Paquette 212). Examples of secondary qualities include colour, taste, and sound (Paquette 212). Primary qualities, however, ar quarry and include aspects such as an objects height and load (Paquette 212). Through this, Locke claimed that the existence of objects can be made certain cod to the primary qualities it possesses (Paquette 212).Similar to Descartes, Locke believed in a sense of existence. However, in his view, the facts from the primary qualities proved the object exists because the object exists within itself (Paquette 212). Descartes and Locke likewise believed in virtually sense of the outside humanity. Descartes claimed that there is in fact an external world, however it does not exist outside messs minds (Paquette 206). Since Descartes was a rationalist, he believed that the only method to acquire true knowledge was solely through the mind ( Moore 2002). Through the fulfill of doubting existence, Descartes realized that the mind exists (Paquette 205).He went further into thought and concluded that since he, an imperfect person, has knowledge of perfection, somewhatthing perfect has to exist to have put that knowledge in his mind. From there he claimed the existence of God (Newman 2010). Descartes thusly stated that a perfect god would not deceive his people, indicating that the material world exists (Newman 2010). Therefore through this thinking process, Descartes came to the conclusion that the real world is of the mind, and the external world is everything else that falls into the material world made by god (Newman 2010). Like Descartes, Locke also believed in an external world.As an empiricist, Locke relied heavily on the senses to provide true knowledge (Moore 2002). He shared Aristotles belief that the mind is a fair slate, also known as tabula rasa, at birth (Paquette 211). Our sense experiences thereafter pro vide us with knowledge to fill in those slates (Paquette 211). In Lockes congresswoman Theory of Perception, also known as Epistemological Dualism, he stated that material objects exist and are separate entities from human beings (Paquette 227). However, he also believed that objects exist in the mind as psychological entities (Paquette 227).Locke concluded that people can taste, smell, touch, and see the external world which, in turn, becomes impressions in our minds (Paquette 227). Descartes and Locke are thus seen to be sympathetic in the sense that they both believed in an external world. Descartes and Locke both had a process for understanding knowledge as well. As a rationalist, Descartes believed in innate ideas that all humans were born(p) with some knowledge (Paquette 206). This differentiates from the empirical view that the mind is a blank slate at birth (Paquette 211).Descartes also used intuition and proof to establish truth (Kaplan 2008). He believed that intuition is direct knowledge which can be known without ever sensing or experiencing it (Paquette 206). Deduction however, is where you give out with a premise, or a statement you believe to be true, and then determine more truths based on that origin (Paquette 206). As shown, Descartes think on the thinker and the thinking process when determining true knowledge (Paquette 206). Rather than a thinking process, Locke believed that understanding knowledge came from a process based on our senses (Paquette 211).He believed that when the external world triggers any of our fiver senses, those experiences turn into sensations (Paquette 211). Those sensations then turn into impressions in our mind, thus adding knowledge onto the slate in our mind which was once blank (Paquette 211). He claimed that our mind reflects on the impressions we received from our sensations (Paquette 211). Locke then stated that those reflections turn into an idea which can be either dewy-eyed, or made up of a bundle o f simple ideas called complex ideas (Paquette 211).Like Descartes, Locke is seen to use a process for finding knowledge as well. There are many aspects to Rene Descartes and John Lockes philosophies that are clearly distinct from one another. However, it is essentially incorrect to claim that rationalist Descartes and empiricist Locke bear no connaturalities. The two epistemologists are seen to share a similar base within each of their philosophical ideas. Through the many differences among Descartes and Locke, their basic concepts of existence, the external world, and the process for obtaining knowledge are quite similar to each other.This connexion illustrates that although the ideologies people possess on life commute to a great extent, there can always be some sense of a common ground that brings us all together. whole kit and boodle Cited Kaplan, R. Philosophy In our time. BBC Homepage. BBC News. , 2008. Web. 12 Nov. 2011. . Newman, L. Descartes epistemology.

Police Suicide

Police suicide is a occasion for law that has become way too common. Police as a c areer is precise difficult job that brings along many variant stresses. It is a job that comes with a lot of things that you dont compulsion to think ab kayoed. You con the problems in society that occur every day that not everyone needs to see, things from suicide to murders to just everyday crimes that people commit. Police officers get more things that they have to deal with than close other professions. It is one of the just about stressful jobs to have.Police have a large amount of helplessness. failing stemming from why things are happening and why they locoweednot control more of what happens. It is very stressful to see things that happen on a daily, makes arrests for it then see the sentences get reduced to almost nothing. When this happens the officer feels as though they are helpless and nothing they do is worth it. Repeat offenders bring this upon them the most seeing them over and over again come back to doing the aforesaid(prenominal) type of stuff that got them arrested in the first place.another(prenominal) thing that whitethorn lead to police suicide is just everyday duties of the job that may fix a turn for the worse. No person no look if they are a cop or not does not want to shoot someone or take another ones life. Taking someone elses life is terrible and something that can present with a police officer forever. A memory like that can stick in someones mind forever point if the reason they did it was justified its still something that is hard to get out of their mind.These reasons along with many others will lead police to believe that pickings their life is better than having to deal with the issues that they have in the life from police work. Knowing that they took another life is something that cannot be chocked down very easily. Another terrible thing that they have to see is suicide. Seeing someone else take there life makes them think about doing it themselves.

World History Homework

Muslim rule affected Indian government and order of magnitude when Sultans Introduced this rule and many Turks, Iranians and Arabs migrated to India to serve as officials or soldiers. Trade among Indian and Muslim lands Increased. During the Mongol raids of the sasss, many scholars and adventurers fled from Baghdad to India, bringing Persian and Greek learning.The newcomers helped create a brilliant civilization at Delhi, where Persian art and architecture flourished. 3. The founders of the Delhi sultanate were able to conquer northern India because the Sultans no long-lasting controlled a large empire and northern India fragmented Into rival Hindoo and Muslim states. During violent onslaughts, many Hindus were killed and the two groups clashed and did not get on at all. . Relations of Hindus and Muslims grew to better terms over time. Eventually, the Delhi sultans grew more genial of their Hindu subjects, and Hinduism was accepted as a monotheistic piety. Hindus were allowe d to practice their religion as long as they paid a poll tax. whatsoever Hindu even converted to Islam.Schism, a religion which blended both(prenominal) Hindu and Muslim belief came Into form. 5. The rejection of toleration of Hindu beliefs will in all likelihood bring more struggle and battles between the Hindu and Muslim. The Hindus and Muslims are bottom to being enemies and both empires will probably be effected seriously and will have an economic decline. World History 10-4 Homework By manservant 2. Muslim rule affected Indian government and society when Sultans introduced this soldiers.

Embracing Diversity

Embracing diversity ByCollegeCourse professorDateAnthropology is the scientific study of gentlemans gentlemans as neighborly organisms and how they act with each other in a social gathering or community set up. It entails the study of serviceman ancient, current and pagan changes, forcible stature, language characteristics and archaeology.An anthropologist interest lies in comprehending human diversity and way of sustenance in an explicit manner. The four main branches of anthropology which include biological, cultural, archaeology and linguistic clearly elaborate what it entails to be human (Lavenda-2013). Biological anthropology talks of how the evolution of humans is genetic everyy influenced and not enhanced by the surroundings. Cultural anthropology is concern on the study of structural system of individuals sharing a cat valium belief or norm. Linguistic anthropology majorly revolves on the psychology of speech, composure and phthisis in human beings.Moreover, archae ology constitutes of the systematic study of human be through excavation, dating the human remains to know the period of cosmos and analysis. Anthropology is all rough the acquaintance of the unfamiliar with proven facts and provides knowledge that deciphers facts from rumors.Cultural anthropology is a very enticing part of anthropology beca using up it does not only enable unrivaled to acknowledge cultural diversity but as well as develop globally conscious individuals. As mentioned earlier, this part of anthropology explicitly looks human cultures, belief, daily activities, values, ideas, core of livelihood and parts of social and cognitive organization (Lavenda-2010).There atomic number 18 two means by which an anthropologist can study culture collectable to its abstract nature empiricist cost, whereby he mainly relies on observation of the human behavior in a incident community set-up and subjective approach in which the researcher understands the structure of ideas a nd meanings that exist in a extremity a certain culture. The primitive perception that I personally had about humanity has been scraped off as a return of the in-depth study of cultural anthropology. Individuals and communities were initially characterized by their social, economical and political factors within their localities. Evolutionism has showed a beliefual comprise due to the easy interaction of individuals as a result of the modern evolution of technology that has made every corner of the gentleman accessible to any person. The level of interactions between individuals from a similar bionomics niche has almost become non-existence due to the replacement with television programs, movies and social electronic devices.Despite this, the social interaction circle has grown larger as a result of technology which enables an individual interact with more(prenominal) people different from parts of the world over a unretentive period of conviction. This study has personally helped me get over the notion that Muslims be associated with terrorism. I initially felt fear when I was in an milieu filled with Muslims well, not Muslims alone but any individual exhausting a veil. This mostly applied to Muslim women that wear the veils covering up their faces, leaving out the eyes. I can attribute this fear from to the indian lodge I grew in I was apply to my Christian community out front I came to campus. The laws and beliefs we had were so strict that we feared other dominions, this seclusion was driven into us by the clergy to make us believe that people that had different beliefs and practices were authorization risks and could harm us at any time.The primitive notion that was instilled in me always had a bearing to this question if they are good people, why do they find it relevant to cover their faces that much? The definite serve up was that they had something to hide not only secrets but sinister motives. Religious compose and the threats that c ame to our country and get aired on national television also cultivated the fear in me. It would have never reached this intend if my parents would not have been reacting to the issue with so much disgust as they used to do.My elementary and high school environments were more or less the uniform because all my schooling up to university level were based in the aforementioned(prenominal) strictly Christian district. There were some primitive practices we used to do that I now see them to have been very hurting if not shameful to the face of evolution and humanity at large there was no shaking of hands or exchanging pleasantries with non-Christians, no accepting gifts from them and overcome still, avoid all conversations. I cant imagine that I would literally snoot them I must admit that I had a tough time adjusting to the campus environment.I was always tensed in my first semesters when a non Christian would sit next t me. I remember a particular case when I came to a lecture l ate and found all seats occupied except one next to Sikh, I literally missed that 2 hour lecture and had to struggle with my continuous judging test. It is during that course that I made a turning point and my point was later boosted when I got to learn about anthropology. The struggle I had in my first continuous assessment test was the same one I had in the second. Ironically, the Sikh boy who I was evading was the same one that discover my problem and came to help. At first I was adamant but with leave out of options I thought why not thrust it a try. I must admit that that is the sweetest memory I hold dear and use it to enlighten my rural folk later on. With that act of compassion I learnt that religion does or dress code does not define someones character. drive of anthropology has helped know the value that I hold about my culture and the justifications I give to the are the same ones that any other person would give in support to their religion and culture. It also taugh t me that judging or pen others because f ethnicity and background is a heinous notion if everyone was to discriminate so the world would be an unbearable place to stay. All we could be witnessing are endless fights and ultimate wars.Cultural anthropology thus, aims at enabling the native of a particular culture objectively and rationally understands their own culture to gain what makes them stand out from the other cultural groups hence upholding the aspect of ego acceptance. Besides, it enables one apply the knowledge gained from familiarizing with different cultures to alleviate human challenges and misconceptions rather than causing ethnic conflicts. The collective study of different cultures enables scholars to bring up the similarities and unique aspect of various cultures, hence embracing diversity.ReferencesRobert H LavendaCore concept in cultural anthropologyRobert H LavendaAnthropology What does it mean to be human?

Iago’s Motivation for Manipulating and Destroying Other Characters

Iagos Motivation For Manipulating and Destroying Other Characters In Shakespeares Othello, Iago is the most nonorious villain. It is clear that Iago feels that other wads lives that besiege him are insignifi natest. He will use people as pawns signifying that he feels demeanor is simply a game. Iago is very deceitful he is dependent of manipulating eitherone who fits into his master plan. Con positionring Iago is such a phenomenal mastermind he can easily be compared to a director of a play this is because he finds any way possible to get exactly what he wants.Iagos capacity for cruelty seems limitless. Although Iago never reveals his motives for manipulating and destroying the lives of people he appears to care about, he demonstrates acts of hidden insecurities, deep bitter towards people, and feelings which influences him to desire to ruin their lives. Underneath Iagos fearless facade lays numerous insecurities. Iago does not receive any old(prenominal) shaft from anyone. The lack of compassion in Iagos life leads him to be to be profoundly resentful and cold hearted towards other people, fill out and heretofore so friendship.He never lets his guard d knowledge for he feels he cannot trust anyone. thus far though Iago is a married man, him and his wife Emilia are not in a loving relationship. Iago does not respect her or any other women. The lack of respect Iago has for women allows him to treat his wife unfairly and intercommunicate to her in a manner no man in love ever would. Iago will tell his wife to shut up when she is speaking her mind and feel no remorse for it. (4,2,140) Iago having an unsuccessful married couple has lead him to believe that there is no such difference between love and lust.Iago sees love as a useless emotion that makes you lose master and will ruin you. Iago proves this when he says If the balance of our lives had not one shell of reason to poise Another of sensuality, the blood and bareness of Our natures would conduct us to most prepostrous Conclusions. But we redeem to cool our raging Motions, our carnal arrange or unbitted lusts, Whereof I take this that you call love to be a sect or scion. (Shakespeare 1. 3. 321-328) Iago is convinced women and men are only open(a) of having physical attractions to each other not genuine love, similar to his hold marriage. 1. 3. 303) Iago has no compassion for people in love therefore it is favourable for him to manipulate Othello to destroy his marriage between him and his wife Desdemona. Iagos resentment towards Othello goes deeper than believing his marriage with Desdemona is a sham. Iago heard a rumor that his wife Emilia had an affair with Othello. Iago believed this rumor with no doubt about it because of his insecurities indoors his marriage, even though Emilia Denys it. Emilia stresses her argument EMILIA. O fie upon them such squire he wasThat turnd your wit the seamy side without And made you to suspect me with the Moor. IAGO. You are a fool, go to. (Shakespeare 4. 2. 144-147) Regardless of the chess opening of Othellos innocence, Iago continues motive hunting. Iago sees this as a perfect opportunity to have a solid reason for hating Othello. Whether Iago knows the real truth or not is insignificant because it would not change how he feels about Othello. Othello has been a victim of racism from the beginning of the play. (1. 1. 112-114) Iago is a racist toward Othello being a blue-blooded skinned man, a moor.Iago resents Othello based on his race it contributes to the horror Iago feels towards him. Iagos words declare the severity of his hatred I abominate the Moor. My cause is hearted thine hath no/ less reason. Let us be copulative in our revenge against him (Shakespeare 1. 3. 361-363). Othello is both a Moor and not even a Venetian man therefore Iago looks down on Othello. Iago sees him as a worthless human being, someone whose life is free to be toyed with. Othellos race is a motive for Iago to want to destroy his life because he simply hates the fact that he is a Moor.Othello is the General, the leader of the Venetian armed forces. This means Othello is higher status among the Venetian forces than Iago is. Considering Othello is a moor as well as Iagos boss, more resentment comes from Iago. Othello promoted Cassio to lieutenant over Iago, this made Iago irate with Othello considering they used to excite as soldiers together. Othello offends Iago numerous times, which motivates him to seek revenge on Othello. Although it isnt Cassios faulting he received the promotion, Iagos greedyy drives him to sabotage Cassio.Iago constructs a fight between Roderigo and Cassio by manipulating the both of them through lies and alcohol, which leads to Cassio loosing his position as lieutenant. (Shakespeare 2. 3. 142-155) one time Cassio had been dismissed the lieutenant job it was finally designated to Iago. Iago thanked Othello in the most particular(a) way he thanked him in a manner simi lar to reflexion vows OTHELLO. Now art thou my Lieutenant IAGO. I am your own forever. (Shakespeare 3. 4. 475-476) Iago speaks to Othello using underhanded phrases similar to the way a wife converses with her husband.Suggesting that Iago may have romantic feelings for Othello. Considering being a homosexual was not grateful lifestyle in the sixteenth century, Iago would be sexually frustrated because women cannot conform to him. This sexual frustration is a motive towards wanting to destroy the marriage between Othello and Desdemona. Iago having romantic feelings for Othello would explain why he put a substantial amount of effort into getting Desdemona out of the picture. Iago appears to be jealous of their relationship.Iagos motives are derived from very intense emotion, they are well aforethought(ip) and he ensures his revenge is executed. Iagos insecurities and issues with people have motivated him to be incredibly deceitful, untrustworthy and incapable of positive emotions. Although Iagos motivation for manipulating and destroying peoples lives is not revealed directly, he exposes it through his successful master plan. Shakespeare, William. The Tragoedy of Othello, The Moore of Venice. Ed Alvin Kernan, General, Ed. Sylvan Barnet. First Signet Classics Printing (Second Revised Edition) April 1998

Barista vs Caffe Coffe Day Essay

MILAN The following record book is a summary pick from the dissertation projects of the MBA and BBA students of purview College. Sky identify, situated in Delhi and Gurgaon (NCR) is a premier establish providing management education specialising in MBA and BBA degrees and specialist courses for travel and tourism as healthy as mass communication.For further information on the article content or on the institute please clickhttp//www.skylinecollege.com/ to visit the ex officio college website. This dissertation was completed by Saroj Shahbaz Naiyar (2007 2009) on the topic Barista Vs Caf coffee tree berry day a Comparative Study.Summary The objective of the thesis is To compare and call for Barista & Caf coffee sidereal day, identify areas of excellence and areas needing returns and provide suggestions for such progress. The aim of this Thesis is to successfully compare two prominent assistance sector companies on a common platform, analyze their live oning and surgi cal edge, and cozy up what they are doing well, while providing suggestions and passs for improvement. Barista and Caf coffee tree sidereal day were chosen because of their identical formula of functioning and growth. They are the only two major players in the guinea pig coffee caf industry, and their customers consider both as interchangeable ticks. This is why it is distinguished to study how these swords differentiate themselves from each other, and attempt to improve brand verity amongst their customers.For the purpose of this study, I prepared a questionnaire, to find come in the pertinent immemorial info pertaining to the functioning and working of both Barista and Caf umber daytime.The data was collected idead on information provided by1. The management of the organization.2. Customers tour Barista and Caf Coffee mean solar day outlets.Besides the primary data collected with the dish of the questionnaire, I establish too collected the relevant secondar y data from various sources like magazines, books and Internet and newspapers. Based on the relevant primary and secondary data, a comparative analysis has been done so as to find out the areas of excellence and areas of improvement of both organizations.The areas of excellence and improvement subscribe been identified based on factual information, in illuminance of which recommendations and suggestions have been provided for the all overall improvement of the organizations in the approaching.This Thesis is conducted in Gurgaon, India so the information is relative to this city.The main objectives could be1. To understand market performance of Barista & Caf Coffee solar day.2. To do a SWOT analysis.3. To understand consumer intuition.4. To analyze there target consumer& marketing mix(7Ps).Conclusion Areas of Excellence twain cafs have authoritative areas where they have been consistently performing well. These are essentially the strengths of the brand, and Barista & Caf Cof fee twenty-four hour period need to capitalize on these strengths to outgrowth their market packet and brand loyalty. The main areas of excellence, based on the Case Studies & food market Survey, have been identified as followsBarista1. Strong Brand ImageBarista has a vigorous and clear brand image. Their customers can easily identify and relate to the Barista brand. This helps increase and maintain brand loyalty. 2. Excellent Human Resource concord to the survey, Barista certain an excellent rating for the service and carriage of their staff. This is a Brobdingnagian advantage, peculiarly in a service organization. Barista must strive to keep this advantage. 3. standard pressure & DcorAnother significant area of excellence is the kind of ambiance and dcor Barista cafs have. Respondents to the survey, including whose who chose Caf Coffee twenty-four hours as their choice of caf gave Barista a near hone rating for their Ambience & Dcor. 4. Strong base for expansion & gro wth Barista have worked hard on heir brand image and human resources, and have a strong base for future expansion and growth- whether themely or internationally.Caf Coffee twenty-four hour period1. Highly rated taste sensation & Quality of productsCaf Coffee Day got a high rating in the market survey, for the Taste & Quality of their products. If they work on this aspect, there is huge emf for them to attract customers, just based on the taste and tonus of products. This is also helped by the fact that they grow their own coffee beans, and this provides an meaning(a) base for future expansion and growth. Caf Coffee Day even win the Barista Coffee- Making Championship for the Best Coffee.2. Value for money propositionCaf Coffee Day is projected as an cheap brand. This strategy has worked extremely well so far, and Caf Coffee Day got a high rating, both for their prices and for their abide by for money, in the market survey.3. Strong callowness orientationThe Caf Coffee Day b rand is, and al modalitys has been, extremely youth- orientated. In a country where over 40% of the population is under the age of 20, there is huge potential for Caf Coffee Day to become one of the countrys largest youth brands. The untapped market share and potential for growth is enormous.Areas Needing ImprovementBoth Barista and Caf Coffee Day have under performed or not lived up to potential in certain areas. The areas are weaknesses, which need to be meliorate upon, as that both can eliminate any disadvantage that whitethorn have, and improve customer satisfaction. The mail areas needing improvement, based on the Case Studies & Market Survey, have been identified as followsBarista1. Average taste & spirit of productsAccording to the market survey, other than their Dessert, Barista got only an average rating for the taste & gauge of their products. Considering their strong brand image of beingness the coffee- lovers traditionalistic caf, they have not performed up to expe ctations in this area. 2. Perceived as an big-ticket(prenominal) brandCustomer perceptions of Baristas prices and value for money are rather negative. Even though the prices of Barista and Caf Coffee Day are almost identical, Barista is let off perceived as the more expensive brand. 3. Inconvenient delivery carry outOn a smaller line, Baristas self- service delivery process received almost unanimous complaints from respondents of the market survey. They found it inconvenient to go back to the counter just to receive their order.Caf Coffee Day1. weakened brand imageThe Caf Coffee Day brand, although clearly a youth- oriented brand, lacks the power and strength expected to maintain brand loyalty. The brand doesnt project a clear image to customers about what Caf Coffee Day is all about. This could prove as a deterrent during future national and international expansion. 2. Inefficient human resourcesAccording to the market survey, Caf Coffee Days staff received only an average ra ting for their behavior and service. Caf Coffee Day necessarily to work hard at this aspect, oddly considering they are a service sector organization that is looking at large expansion. 3. Ambience & DcorThe Ambience & Dcor of Caf Coffee Day outlets received a below- average rating from respondents of the market survey. A administer of respondents did not like the fact that Caf Coffee Day outlets and literature served as prime space for a tummy of advertising and promotions. They felt as if the cafs had been hijacked just for advertising.Recommendation & SuggestionsBarista Barista has an extremely strong brand image, merely they need to work hard on improving their customer perception of being and expensive brand. Barista and Caf Coffee Day have almost identical pricing, but Barista is still perceived as the more expensive brand. Thats why my first recommendation for Barista is, to carry out a promotion campaign to gibe that their target market is well aware of their modern low prices. This would help change customer perception and turn Barista into an affordable brand. Another backlash of having such a strong traditional caf brand image is that customers have very high expectations of the taste & quality of products. Barista needs to work hard at this aspect, e specially for coffee and eatables products. My second recommendation is for Barista to look at its coffee beans suppliers and coffee brewing process to ensure that it is the best it can be. This is especially important considering the international expansion Barista is undertaking. Barista should also look at the Taj, their national suppliers for eatables and desserts, and either improve the taste & quality of eatable, or look at another supplier- because as of now, they are not living up to expectations, and losing customers to Caf Coffee Day. On a smaller note the Barista delivery process should change, so that a caf attendant delivers the coffee to the table. This whitethorn seem insigni ficant, but it can go a long way in improving customer satisfaction.Caf Coffee Day Caf Coffee Day has done extremely well so far to project itself as an affordable youth- oriented brand. But there are still certain areas where their brand needs to be much stronger. With regard to the physical proof associated with the brand, Caf Coffee Day needs to do a lot of work if they hope to catch up with Barista. My first recommendation for Caf Coffee Day is to clean up the dcor at every outlet, wherever surplus advertising is taking place. Although it might be an important source of revenue, long customer perception of the brand isnt very positive. Caf Coffee Day would do better to provide promotional space for its partners with the use of expert collaborations, and not printed advertisements and posters everywhere. My second recommendation is that Caf Coffee Day looks at its underway recruitment, selection and most importantly, its current training policies. Customers are not able with the behavior and service of the staff, and Caf Coffee Day is lagging far hind end Barista is this aspect.*The above article was extracted from dissertations in Marketing, Finance, Human Resources, Strategy, Information Systems by the students from Skyline College. Skyline College is amongst the top MBA and BBA institutes in Delhi, Gurgaon (NCR).Introduction to ccdThe First Caf Coffee Day logotype a bright red cube with a young stroke above e in Caf Coffee Day. The word Caf was made to appear dominant to indicate Caf Coffee Days introduction of Caf culture in India. The font used for Caf is called SLURRY the font looks as though the letters have congealed or coagulated out of liquid. The current logo includes a dialogue box which highlights the connection amid coffee and conversations. This logo also reflects their current tag line, A lot can play over coffee.The logo of CCD has been changed recently, this has been done in line with the increased competition and also for the proper conveying of the message that Caf Coffee Day desires to tell to its customer. The famous Caf Coffee Day squared logo has got a fresh new avatar a Dialogue buffet with the words Caf Coffee Day written in a distinct, specially created font. The new trendy dialogue logo symbolizes the essence of what a Caf Coffee Day caf is all really all about a perfect place to relax and dialogue. And as we all know, a lot does happen over coffeeVertical integrationThe company is known for being vertically integrated to cut damages from owning the plantations,2 growing the coffee,2 making the coffee machines3 to making the furniture for the outlets.2The machines cost them pic1.2 lakh each, which they say is half the cost of an imported coffee machine.3 The maintenance cost of CCDs machines is also slight than foreign machines.3OutletsThe first CCD outlet was set up on July 11, 1996, at Brigade Road, Bangalore, Karnataka.4 Following this, CCD crossed over 1000 cafs end-to-end the nat ion by 2011. They currently have (as of August 2012) 1319 outlets spread crossways 28 states of India.5 The number increases almost every week. A meter on their official website (Cafecoffeeday.com) keeps continuous track of the number.